从相关到因果:运动与肠道菌群-肠-脑轴

A Review of Exercise and Microbiota Gut Brain Axis:From Correlation to Causality

运动与肠道菌群-肠-脑(micro biota-gut-brain,MGB)轴关系逐渐成为体育科学研究热点。运动对肠道菌群进行调节,进而通过肠道影响大脑。研究旨在从相关性到因果性的角度,通过综述前人研究,探究运动与肠道菌群-肠-脑轴之间的相互作用关系,并介绍其中的因果推断工具。阐述肠道菌群-肠-脑交互作用机制,迷走神经、肠道菌群代谢物和免疫系统调节MGB轴的机制。从随机对照试验的因果推断角度分析了运动与肠道菌群的实验证据,结果表明,运动对MGB轴的影响具有因果效应,MGB轴对运动的影响缺少实验证据。此外,本研究还介绍了无菌动物、伪无菌动物模型、粪菌移植和孟德尔随机化等因果推断研究新方法,并从新技术手段和因果推断方法对肠道菌群-肠-脑轴的研究进行了展望。

The relationship between exercise and microbiota-gut-brain(MGB)axis has gradually become a research hotspot in sports science.Exercise regulates the gut microbiota,which in turn affects the brain through the gut.From the perspective of correlation to causality,this paper reviews previous studies to explore the interaction exercise and MGB axis,and introduces the causal inference tools.Firstly,we describe the interaction mechanism of MGB axis,and also the mechanism of the regulation of MGB axis by vagal,intestinal microflora metabolites and immune regulation are described.Analyzing the experiment of exercise and gut microbiota from the perspective of causal inference in randomized controlled trials.We conclude that the causal effect of exercise on the MGB axis,and the influence of MGB axis on motion is lack of experimental evidence at the same time.We also discuss germ-free animals,pseudo-germ-free animal models,fecal bacteria transplants,and Mendelian randomized gut microbiota two-class causal inference research methods.The research of MGB axis is prospected from technical means and causality inference.