内镜介入治疗在气道狭窄中的应用进展

Application progress of endoscopic interventional therapy in airway stenosis

气道狭窄是由多种病因引起的喉气管、支气管、左右主支气管气道狭窄病变的总称,根据病因将其分为良性气道狭窄及恶性气道狭窄。国内外文献报道良性气道狭窄最常见的病因为机械创伤、感染、韦格纳肉芽肿、气管淀粉样变等,而恶性气道狭窄最常见的病因为气道的原发性或转移性恶性肿瘤。既往解决气道狭窄常用的方法包括内镜扩张、内镜下简单切除及外科开放式手术。近年来随着肺脏介入病学的迅猛发展,内镜介入治疗已成为处理良恶性气道狭窄的主要治疗方法。本文旨在于介绍不同类型气道狭窄的介入治疗方法。

Airway stenosis is a general term for laryngotrachea,bronchus,left and right main bronchial airway stenosis caused by various causes.According to the cause,it is divided into benign airway stenosis and malignant airway stenosis.Domestic and foreign literature reports that the most common causes of benign airway stenosis are mechanical trauma,infection,Wegger′s granuloma,tracheal amyloidosis,etc.,while the most common cause of malignant airway stenosis is primary or metastatic airway malignancy tumor.The common methods used to solve airway stenosis in the past include endoscopic dilation,simple endoscopic resection and open surgery.In recent years,with the rapid development of pulmonary interventional diseases,endoscopic interventional therapy has become the main treatment method for treating benign and malignant airway stenosis.This article aims to introduce the interventional treatment methods for different types of airway stenosis.