美国刑事司法人工智能应用介评

Introduction and Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence Application in American Criminal Justice

美国作为当前智能技术革命的高地,其司法系统内的人工智能技术应用值得关注。大数据、人工智能技术在美国刑事司法领域的主要表现为各类风险评估工具,它们进入美国刑事司法体系并非一蹴而就,修复性司法理念的回归以及循证学方法的应用,为其进入美国刑事司法场域进行了铺垫与准备。风险评估工具历经四代演变,当前广受关注的COMPAS系统即是第四代风险评估工具的典型,由其引发的卢米斯诉威斯康星州案更是成为刑事司法人工智能应用与规制的典型案例。通过对美国刑事司法领域大数据、人工智能技术应用的比较观察,我国刑事司法人工智能应用也能从中汲取有益的理念与方法。

Big data and artificial intelligence technologies are mainly manifested in various risk assessment tools in the field of criminal justice in the United States.Their entry into the American criminal justice system is due to the return of restorative justice concepts and the application of evidence-based methods.The risk assessment tool has undergone four generations of evolution.The COMPAS system,which is widely concerned at present,is a typical example of the fourth generation of risk assessment tools.Loomis v.Wisconsin caused by it has become a typical case of the application and regulation of criminal justice artificial intelligence.Based on the comparison and observation of the application of big data and artificial intelligence in the field of criminal justice in the United States,this paper puts forward some suggestions for the application of artificial intelligence in criminal justice in China.