方法论视角下张君劢与钱穆的传统政治属性之争

A Study on the Different Approaches of Qian Mu and Zhang Junmai’s Debate on Traditional Chinese Political Institutions

钱穆与张君劢在中国传统政治是否专制的问题上有着截然不同的观点。钱穆终生坚持“中国传统政治非专制论”,而这一观点的提出离不开他对中国传统典章制度研究方法的运用;张君劢则从政治学及哲学的相关研究方法入手,得出中国传统政治制度是皇权专制的观点,系统、全面地批评了钱穆的“非专制论”。研究方法的不同是他们持论迥异的一个关键原因。钱、张之争在方法论上的差异,反映了中国传统学术在近代转型过程中的一些独特面相。

The opinions between Qian Mu and Zhang Junmai were against each other on the nature of the traditional Chinese political institutions.Based on the Dianzhang Zhidu method originated from Chinese tradition,Qian Mu insisted that the nature of the traditional Chinese institutions was despotic throughout his life,while Zhang Junmai came up to a conclusion opposing Qian Mu’s opinion based on certain methods of political science and philosophy.The difference between two approaches which they used in their respective studies was one of the most significant reasons why they held opinions which were against each other.