共在的伦理之维——兼及共在作为社会财富共享的一种依据

On the Ethical Dimension of Coexistence——Thinking about Coexistence as a Basis of Social Wealth Sharing

探讨共在与共享的关系是一个很有意思的话题。海德格尔认为,人的此在就是一种共在,这是对胡塞尔关于他人是由本己自我构造出来的客观产物之思想的反思和超越。而列维纳斯则认为,在自我意识发生之前,自我就已经被他人纠缠,就已经是他人的“人质”。因此,主体性或自我,不是规定他者的出发点,而是对他人的替代与责任。赵汀阳先生又进一步阐明了人的存在的伦理维度,他把“是”落脚到“做”,认为做事使人的存在变成一个价值事实和具有价值的存在。我们认为,无论怎样从客观方面阐释存在的伦理属性,都可能与人的存在本质相去甚远。人的存在之所以表现出某种伦理性,就在于人本身就是伦理主体,存在的伦理价值其实是伦理主体赋予的,是伦理主体伦理行为表现的直接结果。所以,共享的根本理由不在于客观的共在,而在于主体为他的伦理规定,在于主体本身希求共享。

We want to discuss the relationship between coexistence and sharing.Heidegger believes that human existence is a kind of coexistence,Levinas believes that before the occurrence of individual self-consciousness,the individual has been connected with others.Mr.Zhao Tingyang stressed that“doing”is of vital significance to human existence.We believe that no matter how to explain the ethical attribute of existence objectively,it may be far from the essence of human existence.The reason why the existence of human beings shows a certain kind of ethics lies in the fact that human beings are ethical subjects.The ethical value of human existence is endowed by ethical subjects and is the direct result of ethical behaviors of ethical subjects.Therefore,the fundamental reason for sharing lies not in the objective coexistence,but in the ethical stipulation that the subject thinks for others,and that the subject has an inner idea of sharing.