江苏沭阳万北遗址2015年度炭化植物遗存分析

The Analysis of the Macro-plant Remains from Wanbei Site,Shuyang City,Jiangsu Province

本研究采用浮选法对万北遗址2015年度发掘的土样开展植物考古研究,获得了丰富的炭化植物遗存。分析结果显示,万北遗址相当于大汶口文化时期的农业是以稻作为主、粟黍为辅的稻旱兼作农业,商周时期新增了大麦和小麦。万北遗址出土的菰属籽粒是中国境内目前发现年代最早的菰属遗存,为古代中国利用菰提供了新证据。长期依赖菰属、菱属、芡实等水生植物是万北先民植食资源利用的显著特点。以稻作农业为主是淮河下游(苏北)地区原始农业区别于海岱文化区其他区域的显著特征。研究结果显示,采集与原始农业相互补充、在不同时期可能此消彼长,共同为万北先民提供必需的植食资源。研究结果对揭示淮河下游(苏北)地区史前先民的植食资源利用、生业模式及农业结构演变提供了重要线索。

Lots of charred plant remains were obtained by flotation in Wanbei site 2015 excavation.The analysis results show that mixed farming of rice and millets was established during the Dawenkou cultural period,and rice was the main grain while common millet and broomcorn as the supplementary grain.Barley and wheat were added during the Shang and Zhou dynasties.Zizania grains are the earliest found in China at present,providing new evidence for the utilization of Zizania in ancient China.The long-term dependence on aquatic plants such as Zizania,Trapa,Euryale is a significant feature of Wanbei ancestors'plant food utilization.Rice as the main grain is the salient feature that distinguishes primitive agriculture in the lower reaches of the Huaihe River(Northern Jiangsu)from other areas in the Haidai Cultural District.Analysis shows that collection and primitive agriculture provide the necessary plant food resources for Wanbei ancestors.The research results provide important clues to reveal the evolution of pre-historic plant food utilization,agricultural models,and agricultural structure in the lower reaches of the Huaihe River(Northern Jiangsu).