间充质干细胞在骨关节炎治疗中的研究进展

Research progress of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of osteoarthritis

骨关节炎是一种进展缓慢的退行性疾病,由增龄、肥胖、创伤等因素引起,对中老年患者的日常生活影响极大。与传统的应用药物、蛋白质,以及抗体疗法相比,干细胞有望彻底改变治疗骨关节炎的医疗方式,因其具有替代和修复骨关节炎关节等组织和器官的能力,并且有较好的同源性和较低的免疫排斥反应。在不同类型的干细胞中,间充质干细胞(mesenchyma stem cells,MSCs)发源于中胚层,可分化为不同细胞形成起源于中胚层谱系的组织器官。鉴于其分化为其他类型细胞的能力,MSCs也已被尝试用于治疗糖尿病、帕金森病等外胚层和内胚层谱系的组织器官。MSCs是否可以分化为中胚层谱系以外的谱系,以及治疗外胚层和内胚层谱系组织器官病症的有效性一直在争论研究。此篇综述将讨论骨关节炎的临床特征、MSCs的发育起源和分化潜能以及MSCs和支架材料在治疗骨关节炎中的作用。

Objective Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease with slow progress,which is caused by aging,obesity,trauma and other factors.It has a great impact on the daily life of middle-aged and elderly patients.Compared with traditional drug,protein and antibody therapies,stem cells are expected to radically change the medical treatment of osteoarthritis,because they have the ability to replace and repair tissues and organs such as osteoarthritis and joints,and have better homology and lower immune rejection.In different types of stem cells,mesenchymal stem cells originate from the mesoderm and can differentiate into different cells to form organs originating from the mesoderm lineage.In view of its ability to differentiate into other types of cells,MSCs have also been used to treat tissues and organs of ectodermal and endodermal lineages such as diabetes mellitus and Parkinson's disease.Whether MSCs can differentiate into lineages other than mesoderm lineages and the efficacy of treating organ diseases of ectoderm and endoderm lineages have been debated.This review will discuss the clinical features of osteoarthritis,the developmental origin and differentiation potential of MSCs,and the role of MSCs and scaffolds in the treatment of osteoarthritis.