气相色谱-质谱联用法测定桔梗中挥发油成分

Determination of Volatile Oil Components in Wild and Cultivated Platycodonis Radix by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

目的分析桔梗挥发油的组成成分,比较野生和栽培桔梗中挥发油成分的差异。方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,运用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用结合保留指数对桔梗挥发油成分进行分析,按峰面积归一化法计算各组分的相对含量。结果脂肪族酸类化合物是桔梗挥发油的主要成分,芳香族化合物和萜类化合物较少。野生桔梗挥发油中n-十六烷酸和油酸含量高于栽培桔梗,角鲨烯含量明显高于安徽太和、内蒙赤峰栽培桔梗,且含有11种特有成分;醇、醛、醚类及芳香族化合物含量高于栽培桔梗,而酸类含量介于3个栽培桔梗之间,酯类含量则低于栽培品。不同产地栽培桔梗中,内蒙赤峰桔梗挥发油中酸、酯类化合物的比例最高,陕西商洛中酸类含量最低,酯类含量以安徽太和的最少;但陕西商洛桔梗挥发油中醇、酮、醛、烃类、芳香族及萜类化合物均高于其他2个栽培产区的桔梗;仅在陕西商洛和安徽太和桔梗挥发油中检测出生物碱成分。结论不同产地桔梗挥发油成分和含量均存在差异,生长模式和生长环境对桔梗挥发油成分积累有一定的影响。

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the components of volatile oil in Platycodonis radix,and investigate the difference in volatile oils of the wild and cultivated Platycodonis radix.Methods The volatile oils of Platycodonis radix were extracted by steam distillation method.The constituents of volatile oil from Platycodonis radix were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)and retention index.And then the relative contents of each component were calculated by the peak area normalization method.Results Aliphatic acid compounds composed main components in the volatile oils,while aromatic compounds and terpenoids existed in small amounts.The contents of n-hexadecanoic acid and oleic acid in the volatile oil of wild Platycodonis radix were higher than those of cultivated Platycodonis radix,and the content of squalene was significantly higher than that of cultivated Platycodonis radix in Taihe county,Anhui province and Chifeng city,Inner Mongolia autonomous region.The volatile oil of wild Platycodonis radix contained 11 kinds of unique components.The contents of alcohols,aldehydes,ethers and aromatic compounds were higher than those of cultivated Platycodonis radix,while the content of acid components was in the range of those of three cultivated Platycodonis radix,and the content of esters was lower than those of cultivated.In cultivated Platycodonis radix from different areas,the proportions of acid and ester compounds in the volatile oils of Platycodonis radix from Chifeng city,Inner Mongolia autonomous region was the highest,while the ester in Taihe county,Anhui province was the lowest,and the acid in Shangluo city,Shaanxi province was the lowest.However,other oxygenated aliphatic compounds,alkanes,aromatic and terpenes compounds in the volatile oil of Platycodonis radix in Shangluo city,Shaanxi province were higher than those of cultivated in other two regions.Alkaloids were only detected in the volatile oils of Platycodonis radix in Taihe county and Shangluo city.Conclusion The constituents and contents of volatile oils of Platycodonis radix from different habitats were different.The growth environment of Platycodonis radix had a certain effect on the accumulation of volatile oil.