2019-2020年吉林省流感病原学监测分析

Etiological surveillance and analysis of influenza in Jilin Province from 2019to 2020

目的通过2019-2020年流感监测结果对吉林省流感的流行趋势、病原学变化特点进行分析及总结,为本省流感防控提供科学依据。方法采集13家哨点医院流感样病例(ILI)的咽拭子标本,用实时荧光定量PCR(Realtime PCR)方法进行病毒核酸检测。结果国家级哨点医院门急诊总就诊病例为2054883人,其中流感样病例60728人,占2.83%。吉林市ILI占比最高,为5.77%,各市州ILI比例差异有统计学意义(χ^2=10391.405,P<0.001)。ILI峰值出现在2020年第6-8周,ILI占比为15.78%,12.91%,12.66%。流感样病例年龄段主要集中在15岁以下儿童,占59.47%,其中0-4岁组占37.11%,5-14岁组占22.36%。不同地区ILI年龄构成比差异有统计学差异(χ^2=12554.373,P<0.001)。全省各市州共采集流感样病例患者咽拭子标本8932份,检测阳性数为1206份,分别为H1N1pdm亚型188份,季节性H3N2亚型916份,B型流感Victoria系102份,总阳性率为13.50%。结论流感病毒多发于冬春季,ILI主要集中在15岁以下儿童,H1N1pdm、季节性H3N2、B型Victoria系三种亚型交替流行。

Objective To analyze and summarize the epidemic trend and pathogenic characteristics of influenza in Jilin Province from 2019to 2020,in order to support methods of influenza prevention and control in the area.Methods We collected pharyngeal swabs from 13sentinel hospitals for virus nucleic acid detection by real-time PCR.Results The total number of outpatient and emergency cases in national outpost hospitals was 2,054,883;of which 60,728(2.83%)were influenza like cases(ILI).The ILI of Jilin city was 5.77%,the highest.There was statistical significance in the proportion of ILI among cities and prefectures(χ2=10391.405,P<0.001).The peak of ILI appeared in the weeks during 2020.06-2020.08,and ILI was 15.78%,12.91%,and 12.66%respectively.The influenza like cases were mainly concentrated in age under 15years,accounting for 59.47%;of which 0-4years group accounted for 37.11%,5-14years group accounted for 22.36%.There was significant difference in the age composition ratio of ILI in different regions(χ2=12554.373,P<0.001).8,932throat swabs were collected from patients with influenza like cases in all cities and prefectures of the province.The number of positive samples was 1,206;188for H1N1pdm;916for seasonal H3N2;and 102for influenza B Victoria.The total positive rate was 13.50%.Conclusion Influenza virus mostly occurs in winter and spring,and ILI cases are mainly concentrated in children under 15years old.Three subtypes of H1N1pdm,seasonal H3N2and B-type Victoria are alternately prevalent.