黄芩属植物黄酮生物合成研究进展

Study advance in biosynthesis of flavone from Scutellaria

黄酮物质广泛存在于陆生植物中,是药用植物中一类重要的活性物质。黄芩的主要活性成分黄芩素、汉黄芩素及其糖苷黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷,是一类重要的黄酮,它们可以诱导多种癌细胞系的凋亡,同时具有抗氧化、抗病毒和肝脏保护等药理活性。近年来,人们对黄芩属植物黄酮生物合成机制进行了深入的研究,解析了黄芩中黄芩素和汉黄芩素的生物合成途径。该文综述了黄芩属植物黄酮的生物合成、环境因子和诱导子对黄酮合成的调控,以及黄酮合成的代谢工程。

Flavones are widely distributed in terrestrial plants and act as important bioactive compounds in medicinal plants. Baicalein, wogonin and their glycosides baicalin and wogonoside are major active components found in medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis. These flavones can induce apoptosis in various cancer cell lines, with such pharmacological activities as anti-oxidation, antivirus and liver protection. In recent years, the biosynthesis pathways of flavones in Scutellaria have been studied thoroughly. In particular, the biosynthesis pathways of baicalein and wogonin in S. baicalensis were interpreted completely. In this review, the biosynthesis of flavones in Scutellaria, the regulation of environmental factors and elicitors on their biosynthesis, and the metabolic engineering of the flavones were discussed.