农忙托儿所与乡村再造——李凖《农忙五月天》里的制度与人心

Daycares and Rural Reconstruction:Li Zhun’s Farming in May,A Busy Time

李凖创作于1955年农业合作化运动高潮前夕的短篇小说《农忙五月天》一般被视为农村女青年东英在农忙时节为"发动妇女参加生产""解放妇女劳动力"而在村里创办农忙托儿所的故事,但小说叙述构造的特别性及思想内涵的深刻性与丰富度一直未受到关注。本文聚焦小说所呈现的农忙托儿所创办过程的特别之处,尤其是"人心换人心"的感觉—意识—行为方式对"村—社"空间形态和人心状态的再造。本文认为,在中华人民共和国成立初期的"政治"与"社会"之间,李凖的"文学"观察打开了新的空间;如果把李凖的文学观察与呈现放置在"现代中国"实践经验的思想史脉络中考察,将有助于深化对"组织妇女"与"解放妇女"、制度与人心、"共和"政治等问题的讨论。

Li Zhun wrote the short story of Farming in May,A Busy Time in 1955 at the early wave of the agricultural co-operatives movement.It is a story about a young village woman,Dong-ying,who organized village daycares so as to"mobilize women to participate in agricultural production","liberating female work force".It,however,never received literary reviewers’attention to the profound implications of its specific design.This paper devotes attention to its particular characterization of the process of creating daycares during busy farming seasons,especially the aspect of recreating a social atmosphere in the village for people to feel obliged to care for and highly value each other as a basis of their shared value and mode of behaviour.It argues that the story has opened a"literary"door to a new understanding of the space between"politics"and"society"in the early days of the new People’s Republic of China.If we were to place Li Zhun’s literary observation and depiction in the contemporary Chinese history of social thoughts and practice,we would ultimately acquire a deeper understanding of such concepts as"women’s organizations","women’s liberation",system and people’s sentiments and politics in People’s Republic of China and so on.