100m途中跑后蹬时的蹬伸与摆腿动作特点及送髋时机研究

Characteristics of Backward Pedaling and Swinging Movements and Hip Pushing Timing during 100-Metre Sprint

运用Dartfish运动分析软件对尤塞恩·博尔特、阿萨法·鲍威尔、约翰·布雷克、莫里斯·格林、费米·奥古诺德以及苏炳添100 m途中跑后蹬时的蹬伸与摆动的"兔子"摄像定格图片进行运动生物力学分析。通过分析,得出:后蹬时,摆动腿的摆动包括在体前完成膝关节角度的小幅度增大摆动,然后完成膝关节角度的大幅度增大摆动,作用是协同后蹬的蹬伸所产生的蹬力变化和后蹬肌力的相对提高;摆动腿在完成膝关节角度的大幅度增大摆动时,也就是摆动腿在体前摆到3/4的动作幅度时段,才是骨盆完成大幅度的"扇面"平向转动,也就是俗称"送髋"的关键时期,但该时期的后蹬幅度和摆动腿的大腿摆动幅度不大,只有骨盆的转动幅度,即"送髋"幅度为最大。

By using the Dartfish motion analysis software, this paper made a sports biomechanical analysis of the’rabbit’ camera-freeze pictures of backward pedaling and swing of Usain Bolt, Asafa Powell, John Blake, Morris Green, Fermi Ogunod and Su Bingtian during 100-m sprint. It is concluded that the motions of the swinging leg during back pedaling include: completing a small-range increase in the knee joint angle before the body, and then completing a large-range increase in the knee joint angle. The function of the swing change is to coordinate the extension and muscle strength of the rear pedal when the swinging leg completes a large-range increase in the angle of the knee joint, that is, the swinging leg swings in front of the body reaches 3/4 of the movement amplitude period, the pelvis completes large-scale "fan" horizontal rotation, which is commonly known as the key timing of "hip pushing". But the amplitude of back pedaling and thigh swinging in this period is not large, only the pelvis rotation, that is, the "hip-pushing" amplitude is the largest.