八段锦锻炼对“体弱”大学生身体自尊与运动动机的影响

An Experimental Study on the Influence of Baduanjin Exercise on "Weak" College Students’ Physical Self-Esteem and Exercise Motivation

目的:了解八段锦锻炼对"体弱"大学生身体自尊和运动动机的影响。方法:选取南京某两所高校大一体育保健班(自然班)学生为实验对象随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组进行八段锦锻炼干预。结果:(1)实验前实验组与对照组在身体自尊及其各维度得分、内部动机、外部动机得分以及无动机得分均无显著差异(P>0.05),实验后实验组与对照组除在身体自我价值和身体吸引力维度得分差异不显著外(P>0.05),身体自尊总得分及其他各维度得分、内部动机、外部动机得分以及无动机得分均有显著差异或非常显著性差异水平(P<0.05、P<0.01);(2)实验组干预后身体自尊及其各维度得分均有提高,身体自尊总分、运动技能、身体状况、身体吸引力和身体素质差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05,ES值在0.465~0.978);实验组干预后内部动机、外部动机得分均有提高,无动机得分下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05,ES值在0.570~1.262);(3)通过相关分析表明,"体弱"大学生总体身体自尊实验前后得分差值与内部动机、外部动机实验前后得分差值均呈正相关(P<0.01,P<0.05),其中身体吸引力维度与外部动机呈正相关(P<0.05),身体状况维度与内部动机呈正相关(P<0.01),而运动技能维度与内部动机和外部动机都呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论:八段锦锻炼能够提高"体弱"大学生的身体自尊和运动动机水平,且随着身体自尊水平尤其是"运动技能"水平的提高,其运动动机水平也相应提高。

Objective: To investigate the influence of Baduanjin exercise on of "weak" college students’ physical self-esteem and exercise motivation. Methods: Freshmen students from physical health class(natural class) of two universities in Nanjing were chosen as the experimental subjects to conduct Baduanjin exercise intervention. Results:(1) Before the experiment, the experimental group and the control group had no significant differences in physical self-esteem and scores in various dimensions, internal motivation, external motivation, and no motivation(P>0.05). After the experiment, the experimental group and the control group were not significantly different in scores of physical self-esteem and physical attractiveness(P>0.05). The total scores in physical self-esteem and the scores in the other dimensions, internal motivation, external motivation, and no motivation showed significant or very significant differences( P<0.05, P<0.01);(2) The physical self-esteem and the scores in various dimensions increased in the experimental group after the intervention. The paired T test before and after the experiment showed that the total score of physical self-esteem, motor skills, physical condition, physical attractiveness and the difference in physical fitness was statistically significant(P<0.01, P<0.05, ES value stands between 0.465~0.978);the internal motivation and external motivation scores of the experimental group increased after the intervention, and the non-motivation score decreased. The paired T test showed that the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01, P<0.05, and ES values stand between 0.570 and 1.262);(3) Correlation analysis showed that the difference in the overall physical self-esteem scores of "weak" college students before and after the experiment was related to internal motivation, The score difference before and after the external motivation experiment showed a significant positive correlation(P<0.01, P<0.05), among which the physical attractiveness dimension was significantly positively correlated with external motivation(P<0.05), and the physical condition dimension was significantly positively correlated with internal motivation(P<0.01), and the motor skill dimension has a very significant positive correlation with internal motivation and external motivation(P<0.01). Conclusion: Baduanjin exercise can significantly improve the level of physical self-esteem and exercise motivation of "weak" college students, and as the level of physical self-esteem, especially the level of "motor skills" increases, the level of exercise motivation increases accordingly.