辽宁省某石化企业职工抑郁现状及其影响因素的研究

Current status of depression among workers in a petrochemical enterprise in Liaoning Province,China and related influencing factors

目的分析石化企业职工抑郁的影响因素,探讨职业应激和职业环境与抑郁的关系,为提高石化企业职工的身心健康、防治抑郁提供科学依据。方法采用横断面研究,以整群抽样的方法于2018年3月抽取辽宁省某石化企业1888名职工进行问卷调查。回收问卷1888份,有效问卷1521份,有效回收率为80.56%。调查石化企业职工的一般情况,并分别用《抑郁自评量表》(CES-D)、《付出-回报失衡问卷》(ERI)和《感知的工作环境量表》(PWE)评价职工的抑郁、职业应激和职业环境。采用构成比描述不同人口学特征、工作情况以及生活方式石化企业职工的分布情况;采用单因素方差分析和t检验比较不同特征职工抑郁倾向得分的差异;采用Pearson相关分析探讨石化企业职工职业应激和职业环境与抑郁之间的关系;采用多元分层回归分析抑郁的影响因素。结果石化企业职工抑郁倾向得分为(18.94±9.21)分。抑郁症状发生率为59.8%(909/1521)。其中<35岁年龄组、单身/寡居和月收入≤4000元的职工表现出高抑郁倾向得分,普通工人、炼油工、夜班和非固定班以及缺乏体育锻炼、睡眠质量低的职工抑郁倾向得分高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。职业应激的外在付出和内在投入维度以及职业环境的恶劣程度与抑郁均呈正相关(r=0.254、0.242、0.274,P<0.01),回报维度与抑郁呈负相关(r=-0.348,P<0.01)。多元分层回归分析显示,职业应激和职业环境对抑郁有明显的预测作用,解释变异量分别为18.4%、12.1%。结论石化企业职工抑郁倾向水平较高,人口学特征、工作状况、生活方式和职业应激因素及职业环境因素均是抑郁的影响因素。

Objective To investigate the influencing factors for depression among workers in a petrochemical enterprise and the association of occupational stress and occupational environment with depression,and to provide a scientific basis for the improvement of mental health and the prevention and treatment of depression among workers in petrochemical enterprises.Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in March 2018,and cluster sampling was used to select 1888 workers from a petrochemical enterprise in Liaoning Province,China for a questionnaire survey.A total of 1888 questionnaires were collected,among which there were 1521 usable questionnaires,with an effective recovery rate of 80.56%.The general status of the workers in this petrochemical enterprise was investigated,and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D),Effort-Reward Imbalance(ERI),and Perceived Work Environment(PWE)were used to evaluate depression,occupational stress,and occupational environment.Constituent ratio was used to describe the distribution of different demographic features,work conditions,and lifestyles among the workers in this petrochemical enterprise.One-way analysis of variance and the t-test were used to compare the scores of depressive tendency between the workers with different features.Pearson correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation of occupational stress and occupational environment with depression.Multivariate hierarchical regression analysis was used to investigate the influencing factors for depression.Results The score of depression tendency was 18.94±9.21 in the workers in this petrochemical enterprise,and the incidence rate of depression symptoms was 59.8%(909/1521).The workers who were aged<35 years,lived alone or in widowhood,or had an income of≤4000 yuan tended to have a high score of depression tendency.And ordinary workers,oil-refining workers,workers with night shift and non-fixed shift,and workers with a lack of physical exercise and low sleep quality tended to have a high score of depression tendency(P<0.05).The dimensions of extrinsic and intrinsic efforts of occupational stress and severity of occupational environment were positively correlated with depression(r=0.254,0.242,0.274,P<0.01).And the dimension of reward was negatively correlated with depression(r=-0.348,P<0.01).The multivariate hierarchical regression analysis showed that occupational stress and occupational environment had a marked predictive effects on depression,with an explained variance of 18.4%and 12.1%,respectively.Conclusion There is a high level of depression tendency among workers in petrochemical enterprises,and demographic features,work conditions,lifestyle,occupational stressors,and occupational environment factors are influencing factors for depression.