我国汞污染研究与履约进展

Progress of Mercury Pollution Research and Implementation of Minamata Convention in China

汞是毒性较强的重金属污染物之一,也是一种全球性的污染物。旨在控制和削减全球人为汞排放和使用的国际公约——《关于汞的水俣公约》(以下简称《水俣公约》)已于2017年8月正式生效,这标志着汞污染已成为当前重要的全球环境问题。目前,我国是汞生产、使用和排放量最大的国家,面临着汞污染控制和履行汞公约的巨大压力。基于此背景,文章系统阐述了我国汞的生产、使用和排放,汞的迁移转化与健康效应,《水俣公约》和我国汞污染控制及履约进展,并展望了需要重点开展研究的5个方面,以期为我国环境汞污染控制和履行《水俣公约》作出贡献。

Mercury(Hg) is one of the most toxic heavy metal and a global pollutant. The Minamata Convention on mercury entered into force in August 2017, which aims to control and reduce global anthropogenic Hg emissions and use, and highlights that Hg pollution has become an important global environmental issue. At present, China is one of the larger countries on Hg production, use, and emission, which faced with great pressure of Hg pollution control and implementation of the Convention. Based on this background, this paper systematically describes the production, use, and emission of Hg in China, the migration, transformation, and health effects of Hg, the Minamata Convention on mercury, and the progress of Hg pollution control and implementation of Minamata Convention in China, and also points out five aspects on Hg research in China, which hopes to contribute to the environmental Hg pollution control and the implementation of the international convention in China.