水资源约束下中国沙化土地整治工程与区域农业可持续发展研究——以陕西省榆林市为例

China’s Sandy Land Consolidation Engineering and Regional Agricultural Sustainable Development Practice under Water Resource Constraint:Case Study of Yulin City in Shaanxi Province,China

受沙化区域影响的脆弱区域是生态文明建设与区域减贫发展的难点与重点。文章梳理了我国沙化土地防治利用方式和节水措施,指出了沙化区域相关研究主要集中在原始沙地,缺乏沙化土地整治利用背景下新造土地的节水研究。以榆林市沙化土地整治与区域农业发展实践为例,阐述了水资源约束区域,利用红黏土对沙化土地进行结构化整治,增强土壤持水性和保水性;结合种植模式优选和现代灌溉技术,测定了玉米、大豆和马铃薯生长季的灌水量分别节约41.72%—61.49%、25.57%—34.43%和63.92%—70.05%,实现了水资源缺乏区域的水土资源耦合与高效利用。从区域现代农业发展、人地系统协调、生态文明建设、适宜性评价等方面展望了水资源约束下的沙化土地整治与现代农业发展的重点方向。

China is among the most affected countries in the world in terms of the extent,intensity,and economic impact of sandification.Sandy land area is crucial for ecological civilization construction and regional poverty alleviation and development.Sandy land controlling and utilization measures and relative water saving technologies were summarized in this study.Previous studies mainly focused on the native sandy land while ignoring the water saving study of new consolidated land in the context of sandy land consolidation engineering.Sandy land consolidation and agricultural development in Yulin area were studied to clarify the improvement of soil water retention and holding capacity based on the field engineering of mixing red clay with sand.Results show that irrigation water of maize,soybean,and potato can be saved by 41.72%—61.49%,25.57%—34.43%and 63.92%—70.05%,respectively.Coupling and efficient utilization of water and soil resources can be achieved by integrating sandy land consolidation engineering with cropping pattern optimizing and modern irrigation technologies applying in water resource constraint areas.Future research fields are suggested from the perspectives of modern agricultural development,socio-economic development,ecological civilization construction,and suitability evaluation.