我国废弃矿山生态修复研究

Study on ecological restoration of abandoned mines in China

实施废弃矿山生态修复工程,是适应社会主义生态文明建设的必然要求,是遵循自然规律,破解矿区生态环境保护修复难题的重要举措。矿产资源开发后遗留下来的废弃矿山不可避免地影响和破坏区域生态环境和生态系统,基于我国废弃矿山分布及其主要环境问题现状,结合我国区域生态特征,提出了我国废弃矿山生态修复策略。参考我国生态综合区划,同时结合地形地貌、区域生态系统结构与功能等因素,划定我国废弃矿山生态修复区,明确我国废弃矿山生态修复总体思路与基本原则,提出废弃矿山生态修复的主要模式;在综合分析区域生态系统稳定性、自然地理、气候条件以及废弃矿山特征的基础上,识别各区域内存在的主要环境和生态问题,有针对性地提出控制生态系统退化、修复受损生态功能的主要措施,为我国废弃矿山的生态修复工作提供技术支撑和决策依据。

The project of ecological restoration of abandoned mines is an inevitable step of the construction of socialist ecological civilization.Besides,it is an essential measure for us,following the natural law,to untangle the complications in the ecological environment protection and restoration in mining areas.The abandoned mines,left from the exploitation of mineral resources,inevitably affect and even destroy the regional ecological environment and ecosystem.This study,based on the distribution of the abandoned mines,their current major environmental problems and Chinese regional ecological characteristics,put forward strategies to restore the ecology of the abandoned mines in China.Firstly,under the comprehensive ecological regionalization of China,the research delineated the ecological restoration regions of the abandoned mines,considering the factors of topography,landform,regional ecosystem structure and function.Then,the general guiding ideas and basic principles of ecological restoration of the abandoned mines were clarified,while its main models were proposed.Secondly,with a comprehensive analysis of regional ecosystem stability,geography,climatic conditions and characteristics of the abandoned mines,the paper identified the main environmental and ecological problems in those regions.Furthermore,specific measures to control ecosystem degradation and to restore the damaged ecological functions were presented.Altogether,the study provides technical support and decision-making reference for the ecological restoration of the abandoned mines in China.