基于多维组合特征的北京密云区乡村休闲功能评价

Evaluation of Rural Leisure Functions Based on Multidimensional Combination of Characteristics in Miyun District of Beijing,China

发展乡村休闲产业是新时代振兴乡村的有效途径。以北京典型山区密云区为例,结合基础地理信息、兴趣点等多源数据,从交通区位、资源禀赋和服务设施配置三个维度评价村域尺度的乡村休闲功能,并利用三维魔方法划分休闲功能发展类型。结果表明:(1)密云区交通区位、资源禀赋和服务设施配置水平空间分异明显。交通区位指数以古北口、高岭、太师屯、巨各庄、穆家峪、十里堡、河南寨等镇为中心沿东西方向表现出高(中高)—中低—低的衰减态势;资源禀赋水平呈现山区>平原的分布特征;服务设施配置水平总体偏低。三者综合作用下,密云区中部以及密云水库东北部乡镇所辖村庄的休闲功能发展领先。(2)基于主导要素类型及数量,密云区可分为交通资源主导、资源服务主导、交通主导、资源主导等7种休闲发展类型。建议按照农旅融合、周边景区依托、城郊观光休闲等措施,因地制宜地促进各类型区休闲功能良性发展和空间格局优化。研究结果将为地方产业规划编制及振兴政策制定提供参考。

Developing rural leisure functions is an effective way to vitalize rural areas in the new era.Taking Miyun District as an example,based on local geography,points of interest and other multi-source data,an evaluation model for rural leisure functions was built from three dimensions,i.e.,traffic location,resource distribution and arrangement of service facilities.Combined with the three-dimensional magic-cube method,an evaluation was conducted on the village scale so as to divide the rural leisure function types.The results indicated that:(1)The horizontal spatial differentiation of Miyun District was obvious in terms of traffic location,resource distribution and arrangement of service facilities.The traffic location index demonstrated a decline trend from east to west,i.e.,from high(medium-high),medium-low and down to low,within an area centered at Gubeikou Town,Gaoling Town,Taishitun Town,Jugezhuang Town,Mujiayu Town,Shilipu Town,and Henanzhai Town;more resources were distributed among mountainous areas than plain areas;and the service facilities were generally poorly equipped.With comprehensive consideration of above three dimensions,villages subordinated to Shicheng Town,Beizhuang Town,Dachengzi Town and Taishitun Town in the middle area and those in the northeast of Miyun Reservoir took the lead in the development of leisure functions.By contrast,villages in Miyun Town and Shilipu Town fell behind in leisure functions.(2)Based on the type and quantity of dominant factors,the development of leisure functions within Miyun District was dominated by 7 types,such as traffic-resource dominant area,traffic-service traffic leading area,traffic leading area,resource leading area.In combination with strength and weakness of different regional elements and comprehensive function characteristics,this paper put forward some measures,such as integrating industries of agriculture and tourism,developing leisure-function by the support of surrounding scenic spots,developing sightseeing and leisure function in suburban areas,and relocation of residents among others,to promote the benign development of various types of areas according to local conditions,and optimize the spatial pattern of rural leisure.