兰州城市建设中的人为地质灾害调查

Geological Disasters Induced by Human Activities in Lanzhou City,China

山区城市建设过程中,不可避免地改变地质环境。当改变强度过大时便会引发地质灾害。兰州市是我国地质环境最脆弱的城市之一。近年来,在城市建设和发展过程中,引发了一系列人为地质灾害。系统梳理这些人为灾害的类型、不合理人类活动类型及其关系,总结教训,不仅对兰州市今后城市建设极为重要,而且可为其他山区城市建设提供借鉴。本文总结了兰州市在近20年来大规模“开发性”建设过程中引发地质灾害的人为因素和地质灾害类型,分析了兰州市九州、北环路和海石湾等3个地区、4处典型人为滑坡、泥石流地质灾害的基本特征及其成因和教训。认为,兰州城市建设过程中的人为地质灾害既与选址勘察不够、用地评价不足有关,更与规划有关。基于分析,对今后和正在进行的大规模“开发性”城市建设中人为地质灾害的风险管控提出了对策建议。

Development and construction in mountainous cities change geological environment more or less.Geological disasters,such as landslides,soil or rock falls and debris flows,etc.occur quite in response to such excessive changes in geo-environment.Lanzhou city is a typical mountainous city in the loess Plateau,where extremely growing population is challenging the local geo-environment.Along with expansion of settlements,there were lots of geological disasters to be caused by human activities,such as irrigation of vegetation,cutting and filling on slopes,and leakage of sewage,leading to both loss of life and economies,even severe social panic.In this study,it discussed adverse human activities inducing geological disasters in Lanzhou city,followed by a brief of analysis of four typical landslides and mudslides of unprofessional engineering behaviors and the associated lessons learned.Finally,suggestions to reduce geological hazards in Lanzhou and other mountainous cities were proposed.