改革开放以来我国融合教育的演进脉络、经验反思与未来展望

Evolution Course,Experiential Reflection and Future Prospects of Chinese Inclusive Education since the Reform and Opening Up

“历史是最好的教科书”,融合教育的历史和经验能给其未来发展以启迪。基于对改革开放以来融合教育相关政策的分析,将我国融合教育的演进历程划分为四个阶段:融合教育的本土化探索(1978—1989)、融合教育的制度化发轫(1990—2005)、融合教育的反思性推进(2006—2013)和融合教育的内涵式转型(2014年至今)。通过构建融合教育三维分析框架,本文总结了理念、政策和实践三者及其互动对融合教育发展的综合性作用与机制,并分析了当前融合教育在这三个方面仍存在的问题。新时代背景下,应科学确立融合教育的定位和发展方向,以顶层设计为统领推进融合教育制度建设,以重点突破带动融合教育实践的整体革新。

“History is the best textbook”and the history and experience of inclusive education can enlighten its future development.Based on the analysis of policies related to inclusive education since the reform and opening up,the evolution course of inclusive education in China is divided into four stages:localization exploration(1978-1989),initial institutionalization(1990-2005),reflective promotion(2006-2013),and substantial transformation(2014-).By constructing a three-dimensional analysis framework of inclusive education,this paper summarizes the comprehensive effect and mechanism of ideas,policies,practices and their interaction on the development of inclusive education,and analyzes the problems of current inclusive education in these three aspects.In the new era,we should scientifically establish the orientation and development direction of inclusive education,promote the construction of inclusive education system under the guide of top-level design,and drive the overall innovation of inclusive education practice with key breakthroughs.