故意杀人罪死缓限制减刑的适用状况实证研究

An Empirical Study on Sentencing Practice of Suspended Death Penalty with Limited Reduce by Homicide

实证分析发现,当前死缓限制减刑的裁量既不是以死刑立即执行为起点的减法机制,也不是以一般死缓为起点的加法机制。是否对被告人限制减刑,既与预防刑情节有关,也与责任刑情节有关,仅以人身危险性约束法官死刑裁量的理论不具有现实基础。运用应然刑量综合评估体系能够发现个案中“犯罪情节等情况”的实际作用力。司法实务中对故意杀人罪死缓限制减刑的裁量基本符合罪刑均衡的要求。死缓限制减刑具有“加重生刑、减少死刑”的制度功效,但仅在立法层面得以显现,在司法层面尚未有效发挥。刑事指导案例4号、12号在司法实务中的指导效果较差,有必要扩充新型情节组合模式下的指导案例。研究认为,应当以关键情节为核心,建构故意杀人不同情形组合下死缓限制减刑的裁判规则。

Empirical study shows that contemporary setencing practice of suspended death penalty with limited reduce is neither addition process based on death penalty nor subtraction process based on suspended death penalty.Whether making a limited reduce to the defendant or not depends on both preventitive-and retributive circumstances.The implication of TSSAS can be used for examing the real affacting of multiple circumstances in cases.The setencing practice of suspended death penalty with limited reduce by Homicide in China maintains basic balance between crime and penalty.The suspended death penalty with limited reduce indeed makes it harder than suspended death penalty,meanwhile it also makes it lighter than death penalty.The guidance effact of criminal guidance case number 4 and number 12 should be supplemented by more cases.The article also analysises key circumstances and large sample cases,moreover,it suggests setencing rules of suspended death penalty with limited reduce by three types of homicide.