地基空间碎片激光测距技术发展与应用(特邀)

Development and Application for Ground-based Space Debris Laser Ranging(Invited)

随着航天航空技术的快速发展,环绕地球轨道空间碎片数量迅速增加,占用了有限的轨道资源,同时威胁在轨运行航天器的安全,其陨落也对人们构成严重恐慌.激光测距具有波长短、发散角小、方向性好、单色性好、抗干扰强等特点,能显著提升空间碎片轨道与姿态测定精度.本文对空间碎片激光测距做出较全面的理论分析,从激光工作模式、回波探测与接收等方面介绍目前研究现状及技术与应用情况,对正在发展的千赫兹重复率脉冲串模式、百千赫兹脉冲群收发交替模式空间碎片激光测距技术特点,以及空间碎片白天激光测量技术进行阐述.提出将超高重复频率激光测距技术应用在空间碎片激光测距上,为进一步提高空间碎片激光测距能力提供一种新方法.

Space debris is increasing rapidly owing to the rapid development of aerospace technology,which occupies limited orbital resources and threatens the safety of spacecraft in orbit,even the falling of space debris also poses a serious scare to people.The laser ranging has the characteristics of short wavelength,small divergence angle,good direction,good monochromaticity,strong anti-interference and so on.It can significantly improve the accuracy of space debris orbit determination.This paper makes a more comprehensive theoretical analysis for the space debris laser ranging.The technological development process of space debris laser ranging is described from the aspects of laser mode,signal detection and reception and so on.The development of the space debris laser ranging technology of the kilohertz repetition rate of pulse bursts mode and the 100 kilohertz pulse bursts transceiver alternate mode is discussed,and daytime laser measurement techniques of space debris are explained.Ultra-high repetition rate laser ranging technology would be applied in space debris laser ranging,it provides a new method for the further improvement of space debris laser ranging capabilities.