后小康时代农村反贫困治理的制度体系建设:特征、行动金字塔和模块

Institutional System Construction of Rural Anti-poverty Governance in the Post Well-off Era:Characteristics,Action Pyramid and Modules

2020年以后中国的反贫困工作的重心将转向解决相对贫困,如何有效建立解决后小康时代相对贫困的长效机制,做好反贫困制度的顶层设计是关键。研究发现:相对性、流动性、伴生性、层次性、高移化和动态性是后小康时代的中国农村反贫困的六个新特征。基于人类发展理论,从国际组织对基本需求的界定和标准中,能挖掘和提炼出一份"基本生活水平清单";未来反贫困的推进逻辑不是线性的,而是一个"反贫困行动金字塔模型":由"生存背包、发展背包和能力背包"三层组成,每次所放下的"背包"就是反贫困的实现目标;后小康时代的反贫困战略应该分两步走:第一步的反贫困目标指向是解决贫困人群的"发展背包",预计10年,第二步的反贫困目标指向是解决贫困人群体面生活的"能力背包",预计5年。后小康时代的反贫困治理的制度体系设计雏形为问题导向式的闭环"6W反贫困制度模块":以贫困识别制度为逻辑起点,依次推向主体制度、资金投入制度、维度制度、评估制度,收官于国际产出制度,从而进一步完善和优化中国农村反贫困的治理体系。

After 2020,the focus of China’s anti-poverty will turn to solving the relative poverty.To establish a long-term mechanism and to solve the relative poverty in the post well-off era effectively is the key task.Also a well-designed anti-poverty system is needed.It is found that relativity,mobility,companionship,hierarchy,high mobility and dynamic are the six new characteristics of anti-poverty in rural China in the post well-off era.Based on the theory of human development,a"list of basic living standards"can be exploited and extracted from the definitions and standards of basic needs of international organizations.The logic of future anti-poverty promotion is not linear.It’s a"pyramid model of anti-poverty action"which consists of the three levels:the survival backpack,the development backpack and the ability backpack.The"backpack"has been put down each time will be a goal of anti-poverty.The anti-poverty strategy in the post well-off era should be divided into two steps:the first problem is the"development backpack"of the poor population,which is expected to be solved in 10 years.And the second one is the"ability backpack"problem,which is expected to be solved in 5 years.The system design of anti-poverty in the post well-off era is a problem oriented closed-loop.The"6 W anti-poverty system module"contains the following six parts,taking the poverty identification system as the logical starting point,pushing to the main part of the system,capital investment system,dimension system,evaluation system,and the international production system.Then to further improve and optimize the anti-poverty governance system in China’s rural areas.