户口与迁移时间:上海城市迁移人口的阶层地位获得(1977—2014)

Hukou Registration and Time at Immigration:The Status Attainments of Urban Migrants in Shanghai(1977-2014)

在经典地位获得模型的基础上增加户口和迁移时间变量,可以增强地位获得模型对于中国迁移人口地位获得的解释力。采用2010年"上海居民家庭生活状况调查"和2015年"特大城市居民生活状况调查"两次重复截面调查的汇总数据,研究上海城市迁移人口阶层地位获得的影响机制,分析发现:获得上海户口的迁移人口的职业阶层地位显著高于上海本地人口,以及其他未获得上海户口的迁移人口。另外,改革初期迁移比改革后期迁移到上海的人口职业阶层地位更高。进一步分析发现,获得上海户口同迁移时间存在明显的交互效应:对于改革初期迁沪人员而言,是否获得上海户口对阶层地位获得的影响相对较小;对于较近时间的迁沪人员来说,获得上海户口对提升阶层地位的作用越来越突出。

The author introduces the Hukou registration and time at immigration into the classical status attainments model.Using the pooled data of two repeated cross-sectional surveys of"Shanghai Residents’Family Life Survey in 2010"and"Metropolis Residents’Life Survey in 2015".The paper finds that the professional status of the migrants who have obtained Shanghai Hukou is significantly higher than that of the local population in Shanghai and other migrants who have not obtained Shanghai Hukou.Besides,the status of the professional class of the population who migrated to Shanghai in the early stage of the reform is higher than that in the later stage of the reform.Further analysis shows that there is an obvious interaction effects between the Shanghai Hukou and immigration time,and whether or not they have obtained Shanghai Hukou at the beginning of the reform has a relatively small impact on the social status.For those who have moved to Shanghai in recent years,Shanghai Hukou is more and more important.