匈牙利1989年宪法修订圆桌谈判研究

Research on the Hungarian Roundtable Negotiations of Constitutional Amendment in 1989

1989年举行的匈牙利圆桌谈判中,专门设立了政治谈判第一工作委员会来负责宪法修订的谈判工作。匈牙利社会主义工人党、反对派圆桌会议以及第三方组织所委派的三方代表团,重点就如何重新确定匈牙利的国家名称与国家性质、如何对宪法当中关于匈牙利的政治制度、经济制度与社会制度的原则性表述进行修订等议题展开了谈判,并最终达成了一个宪法修订草案。三方代表团在此过程中所做出的一系列建设性努力与政治妥协,不仅为匈牙利的制度变革移除了主要的法律障碍,而且为其他工作委员会的谈判设置了某种基准,由此为匈牙利以和平的方式实现政治转型奠定了坚实的基础。

In the 1989 Hungarian Roundtable Negotiations, the Working Committee I/1 was dealing with the topics related to constitutional amendment. The major negotiating issues include the revision of constitutional provisions concerning the country’s name, the political nature, and the principled descriptions of political, economic, and social systems of Hungary. The Hungarian Socialist Worker’s Party, the Opposition Roundtable and the Third Side managed to achieve agreements on most issues. Subsequently, the Act XXXI/1989 on Constitutional Amendment passed by the Parliament helped to remove major legal obstacles and lay down the institutional foundation for Hungary’s peaceful political transition.