南曲在“依字行腔”改革后的旋律异变规律

On Nanqu s Melody Variation Law After the Reform of Singing According to the Tones of Chinese Characters

南曲原本采用“定腔传辞”的演唱方式,在使用“依字行腔”唱法后,南曲的定腔旋律发生了很大的改变。只是,“依字行腔”的唱法并不是完全脱离南曲旧有固定旋律另起炉灶,而是在原本的调高、调式、主音、结音和旋律片段基础上,根据字声的变化进行了相应的改造。一方面,改变后的腔格要符合“依字行腔”唱法所规定的字声与腔格的配合规律;另一方面,曲家对旋律改造的过程也必须以原有旋律为依据,同时符合音乐本身的规则。

Nanqu originally used the singing form of fixed melody. After using the method of singing according to the tones of Chinese characters, the melody of Nanqu has changed a lot. However, the new singing method did not completely abandon the old fixed melody of Nanqu, but it is based on the original pitch, mode, tonic, ending and melody fragments, and transformed according to the changes in the character tones. On the one hand, the changed tune must conform to the matching rules of the character tone and the new method. On the other hand, the new melody must meet some rules of the music itself.