学前特殊儿童融合教育的个案研究

A Case Study of Inclusive Education for Preschool Special Children

为深入了解幼儿园实施学前特殊儿童融合教育的实践及成效,采用质性研究范式中的个案研究,对一名特殊幼儿进行观察并和其家长进行深度访谈。结果显示,造成个案儿童外形特征、行为表现和个性特征异于普通儿童的原因主要有生理因素和家庭因素两方面。在此基础上,幼儿园采取多种策略实施融合教育,帮助研究个案适应幼儿园生活,包括五个方面:建立良好的师幼关系,以亲情环境促变化;奖惩并用,双管齐下促改进;家园、师生多面合力,从细微处促转变;发现闪光点,以点带面促提高;加强针对性训练,以多种形式促发展。研究个案生活自理和动作能力得到发展的同时,社会适应性也有所改善,对个案的全面发展起到了积极的促进作用,教师、家长也在这一过程中有所收获和成长。

To deeply understand the practice and effect of preschool special children’s inclusive education in kindergartens,this study adopts a case study of qualitative research paradigm to observe a special child and conduct deep interviews with his parents.The results show that the main reasons of the difference of children’s appearance,behavior and personality are physiological factors and family factors.On this basis,the kindergarten adopts a variety of strategies to implement inclusive education to help the child to adjust to the kindergarten life,including establishing a family environment with good relationship between teachers and children,combining rewards and punishments methods,strengthening the child’s tiny merits,finding his bright points and training him properly.As a result,not only the child’s ability of self-care and movement develop,but also his social adaptability has been improved.Teachers and parents also learn a lot in this process.