哲学的科学性何在——关于哲学学科性质的考察

Where Lies the Scientific Nature of Philosophy:An Investigation of the Nature of Philosophy as a Discipline

在现代社会人们常常以实证科学的标准来衡量哲学。按照这个标准,哲学就不是科学,而只是一种意识形态,是各种不同学说的汇聚。然而如果把科学理解为追求真理的学说,那么哲学是科学。这里所说的真理不是实证科学中的真实性的命题及其汇聚,这里所说的真理是"去蔽"。这种意义上的真理不是肯定地被把握的,而只能以否定的方式呈现。追求这样的真理的科学可以被理解为否定的科学,否定的科学中所使用的方法只能是辩证法。辩证法的过程就是不断去蔽的过程。哲学的科学性不在于它是一种实证科学,而是一种否定的科学,人们不能因为它的思辨性质而否定它的科学性。

In modern society, philosophy is often measured by the standard of positive science. According to this criterion, philosophy is not science, but an ideology, a collection of various theories. If we regard science as theory of seeking truth,then philosophy could be understood as science. The truth mentioned here is not scientific propositions or gatherings of these propositions. The truth here is "aletheia". The truth in this sense in not to be mastered positively, rather represented negative ly. The science which seeks this kind of truth could be called negative science. The method which could be used in negative science should only be dialectics. The course of dialectics is continuously to get rid of shield. The scientificity of philosophy is not that it is an positive science, but a negative science. We should not deny its nature of science due to its speculative characteristic.