聚磷酸铵/氢氧化镁复配填充聚氨酯硬泡的阻燃性能

Flame Retardancy of Polyurethane Ammonium/Magnesium Hydroxide Composite-filled Polyurethane Rigid Foam

为了增强聚氨酯硬泡在燃烧过程中的的阻燃性能和抑烟性能,以聚磷酸铵与氢氧化镁组成协效阻燃剂加入聚氨酯中制备了阻燃聚氨酯硬泡。通过临界氧指数测定仪、水平垂直燃烧测定仪、锥形量热仪和电子万能试验机研究了聚磷酸铵和氢氧化镁不同配比对聚氨酯泡沫塑料的阻燃性能、燃烧行为和压缩强度的影响。并用扫描电镜观察了阻燃材料燃烧后残炭的微观结构。结果表明:加入30份聚磷酸铵和10份氢氧化镁的聚氨酯硬泡的氧指数达27.5%,最大热释放速率为113.5 kW/m2,比纯聚氨酯硬泡的最大热释放速率下降了22.3%,最大烟释放速率下降58.9%。成炭致密,有良好的阻燃效果。证明复合阻燃剂加入能够增强聚氨酯材料的阻燃抑烟性能。

To enhance the flame retardant performance in smoke suppression by polyurethane rigid foam during a combustion process,a flame retardant polyurethane rigid foam was prepared by combining a flame retardant with ammonium polyphosphate(APP)and magnesium hydroxide(MH).The effects of different ratios of APP and MH on the flame retardancy,combustion behavior,and compressive strength of polyurethane rigid foams were investigated with critical oxygen index tester,horizontal vertical burning tester,cone calorimeter,and electronic universal testing machine.The scanning electron microscope was used to observe the microstructure of the charcoal after combustion of the flame retardant material.The results show that the addition of 30 parts of APP and 10 parts of MH polyurethane rigid foam had an oxygen index of 27.5%and a maximum heat release rate of 113.5 kW/m2,which is 22.3%lower than the pure polyurethane rigid foam,and the maximum smoke release rate dropped by 58.9%.The carbon formed was dense and had good flame retardant effect.It is proved that adding a composite flame retardant can enhance the flame retardant and smoke suppression properties of polyurethane materials.