麦田布顿大麦草的化学防除药剂筛选

Screening of herbicides against invasive weed Hordeum bogdanii in wheat field

布顿大麦草为麦田入侵杂草,为尽早建立对该杂草的化学防除技术,本研究采用室内盆栽法测定了布顿大麦草对21种除草剂的敏感性。结果表明:土壤处理剂41%氟噻草胺悬浮剂对布顿大麦草具有良好的防除效果,42%氟啶草酮悬浮剂、60%丁草胺乳油、40%砜吡草唑悬浮剂、960 g/L精异丙甲草胺乳油对布顿大麦草的防除效果一般,50%扑草净可湿性粉剂、50%异丙隆可湿性粉剂、45%二甲戊灵微囊悬浮剂、50%吡氟酰草胺可湿性粉剂防除效果不理想;茎叶处理剂7.5%啶磺草胺水分散粒剂、12.5%烯禾啶乳油、41%草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂对布顿大麦草防除效果好,5%咪唑乙烟酸水剂、8%炔草酯水乳剂、30 g/L甲基二磺隆可分散油悬浮剂、8%烟嘧磺隆可分散油悬浮剂、7%双唑草腈颗粒剂、70%氟唑磺隆水分散粒剂对布顿大麦草的防除效果一般,5%唑啉草酯乳油、7.5%双环磺草酮颗粒剂、69 g/L精噁唑禾草灵水乳剂防除效果不理想。氟噻草胺、在推荐剂量492 g/hm 2下,处理21 d后对布顿大麦草的鲜重抑制率为75.40%;啶磺草胺、草甘膦异丙胺盐、烯禾啶在推荐剂量14、1500、187.5 g/hm 2下,处理21 d后对布顿大麦草的鲜重抑制率分别为73.96%、60.60%、65.07%。综合本研究结果及除草剂使用特性,麦田布顿大麦草可采用氟噻草胺土壤封闭或者啶磺草胺茎叶喷雾处理进行有效防除;油菜田布顿大麦草可采用烯禾啶进行防除;非耕地布顿大麦草可采用草甘膦异丙胺盐进行防除。

In order to screen and establish effective herbicides for the chemical control of a novel invasive weed Hordeum bogdanii in wheat field,greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate 21 herbicides for their sensitivity.The results indicated that flufenacet 41%SC was effective in controlling H.bogdanii,while fluridone 42%SC,butachlor 60%EC,pyroxasulfone 40%SC and S-metolachlor 960 g/L EC were less effective.Four soil treatment herbicides showed poor control efficacy,including prometryn 50%WP,isoproturon 50%WP,pendimethalin 45%CS and diflufenican 50%WP.Foliar applied herbicides pyroxsulam 7.5%WG,sethoxydim 12.5%EC and glyphosate-isopropylammonium 41%AS showed high control efficacy to H.bogdanii,while imazethapyr 5%AS,clodinafop-propargyl 8%EW,mesosulfuron-methyl 30 g/L OD,nicosulfuron 8%OD,pyraclonil 7%GR and flucarbazone-sodium 70%WG were less effective.However,pinoxaden 5%EC,benzobicyclon 7.5%GR and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl 69 g/L EW showed poor control efficacy.The fresh weight control efficacy of flufenacet was 75.40%,at the recommended field dosage 21 days after application,and pyroxsulam,glyphosate-isopropylammonium and sethoxydim were 73.96%,60.60%and 65.07%,respectively.Considering the control effects on H.bogdanii and the characteristics of herbicides,flufenacet and pyroxsulam could be used for weed control in wheat fields,while sethoxydim and glyphosate-isopropylammonium could be use in rapeseed field and non cultivated land,respectively.