有组织犯罪的网络“分割化”及其刑法评价思路转换

The"Segmentation"of Internet Organized Crime and the Transformation of Train of Thought on Criminal Regulation

传统的有组织犯罪与网络犯罪不断融合,由此导致有组织犯罪在纵向链条上、组织结构与组织形式上、暴力性与非法控制性上,以及罪量要素上被网络所“分割”,呈现出网络有组织犯罪的“组织”从属性弱化,有组织犯罪异化为“有组织违法”,有组织犯罪的“去中心化”、“去组织化”和“产业链条化”、“节点化”同步显现。对此,有必要完善刑法对有组织犯罪的现有评价思路,将犯罪组织特征的“形式化”界定转向“功能化”认定,准确定性“网络黑社会”等网络有组织犯罪;拓宽犯罪组织势力的内涵与外延,实现对犯罪组织上中下游、“网上-网下”、“现实暴力-技术暴力”的全面评价;推动从以制裁犯罪组织为中心的罪名体系设置,转向兼顾对逐渐独立化的犯罪“个体”、犯罪“节点”的刑法防治;推动从以正犯行为为中心转向兼顾对相对独立化的共犯的重点评价。

The continuous integration of traditional organized crime and cybercrime has led to the"separation"of internet organized crime in terms of vertical chain,organizational structure and organizational form,violence and illegal control,as well as the quantitative elements of crime,showing the weakened nature of subordinating to the"organization"in the internet organized crime,so the organized crime is improperly degraded as"organized illegality"and the"decentralization","disorganization"and"industrial chain"and"nodes"of organized crime appear simultaneously.In this regard,it is necessary to improve the existing train of thought of criminal regulation on organized crime by turning the"formal"determination of characteristics of a criminal organization to"functional"identification and accurately determining the natures of internet organized crimes such as"internet mafia-style organizations";by broadening the connotation and denotation of the influence of an organized crime to realize the comprehensive judgment of upstream,midstream and downstream parts,online-offline activities,real-world violence-technological violence of a criminal organization;by promoting the transformation from the framework of criminal offenses centered on punishing criminal organizations to the prevention and regulation of the gradually independentized criminal"individuals"and"nodes"through criminal law;by promoting the shift of regulating mode from being centered on the perpetrator's conduct to emphasis also given to relatively independent accomplices.