宽速域无尾布局气动焦点变化规律研究

Investigation on Aerodynamic Center of Tailless Configuration Under theWide Mach Number Range

水平起降、宽速域飞行的高超声速飞机是航空技术的一个重要发展方向。这类飞机常采用无尾布局形式,该布局全速域气动焦点移动范围大,且舵面配平能力有限,纵向稳定性设计是一项关键技术。本文针对典型的宽速域无尾布局概念方案,通过数值仿真方法,研究了不同前体截面形状、边条平面形状和前机身长度的宽速域气动焦点变化规律,并重点关注了高超声速相对低速的焦点前移问题。研究结果表明,前机身长度对高超声速相对低速焦点前移的影响最明显;前机身越长,高超声速相比低速焦点前移趋势越明显。亚、跨和低超声速范围,尖侧缘脊型和下表面平面的半圆形前机身截面相比椭圆截面使焦点小幅前移;高超声速范围前机身截面形状对焦点影响较小。边条平面形状对高超声速相比低速气动焦点前移量影响较小。本文的研究结果可为此类宽速域无尾布局设计提供参考。

Hypersonic aircraft which could take off and land horizontally and fly at wide-range Mach number is a key development direction in the aviation technology field.Tailless configuration is used for this kind of airplane.This tailless configuration is featured with the wide range movement of aerodynamic center and limitation of pitch balance ability,so the design of longitudinal stability is a critical technology for the aircraft.In this paper,numerical simulation is employed to research the aerodynamic center with different forehead section shapes,forehead length and straws for a tailless configuration of wide-range mach number.The result indicates that the forehead length is crucial for the aerodynamic center forward movement from low speed to hypersonic.The longer the forehead is,the further the aerodynamic center moves forward from low speed to hypersonic.The shape of straw has less impact on the aerodynamic center forward movement from low speed to hypersonic.The study results provide reference for the tailless configuration under wide-range Mach number.