政府碳税与补贴政策对低碳供应链影响的对比研究

A Comparative Study of the Impact of Government Carbon Tax and Subsidy Policy on Low-Carbon Supply Chain

为促进低碳经济发展,政府对低碳产业采取补贴和碳税政策,两种政策虽然目标相同,但作用机制却不相同。为对比分析政府补贴和碳税政策对低碳经济发展的影响,本文分别基于政府补贴和碳税政策构建两种生产模式(一种生产模式是低碳企业只生产低碳产品,另一种生产模式是低碳企业同时生产两种产品)下低碳企业与普通企业博弈模型。研究表明:(1)当两种产品同时由低碳企业生产时,政府补贴可以降低单位低碳产品销售价格、减少普通产品销售量、降低环境影响,增加低碳产品销售量和提高低碳供应链整体收益,但是,政府补贴不影响普通产品单位销售价格;(2)低碳企业只生产低碳产品时,政府碳税会增加两种产品单位销售价格,导致消费者购买成本增加,降低消费者购买低碳产品积极性;(3)当单位低碳产品对环境的影响与单位普通产品对环境造成的影响比大于0.5时,政府补贴政策对环境造成影响最大。

In order to promote the development of low-carbon economy,the government has adopted subsidies and carbon tax policies.Although the two government’s policies have the same objectives,their mechanisms are different.Thus,the game model between a low-carbon enterprise and an ordinary enterprise is constructed based on the two production models(One production model is that the low-carbon enterprises only produce low-carbon products,and the other production model is that the low-carbon enterprises produce two products at the same time.)in order to comparatively analyze the impact of government subsidies and carbon tax policies on the development of low-carbon economy.The main research results are as follows:(1)When two products are produced by the low-carbon enterprises at the same time,government subsidies could reduce the unit low-carbon products sales price,reduce the sales of ordinary products and environmental impact,and increase the low-carbon products sales and the overall income of low-carbon supply chains,but government subsidies do not affect the unit ordinary sale price;(2)When low-carbon enterprises only produce low-carbon products,the government carbon tax could increase the unit two product sales price,which could increase consumer purchase costs and reduce the enthusiasm of consumers to purchase low-carbon products;(3)When the impact ratio of products to the environment is more than 0.5,the government subsidy strategy has the biggest impact on the environment.