徽州文书保护:病害诊断、实施路径与关键技术

Huizhou Documents Protection:Disease Diagnosis,Implementation Path and Key Technologies

以中国人民大学博物馆藏徽州文书为例,开展文书本体的病害调查,在此基础上形成文书病害图,并对病害文书进行破损等级划分。依据5件文书生物病害、污染、酸化等普遍现象及破损程度,明确提出通过杀虫、清洁、去酸处理等消除影响其保存寿命的隐患,并对各种保护方法进行了详细阐述;恢复破损文书原貌是修复的基本目标,修复配纸选择、修复技术实施方案是开展修复工作最为挑战性的问题。纸叶粘连、糟朽、褶皱等是严重破损文书典型病害,揭粘、加固、压平整形等技术是主要采取的修复方法,也是最大限度恢复原貌的手段。

Taking Huizhou documents in the Museum of Renmin University of China as an example,this paper carried out disease investigation on the documents,formed disease maps,and classified the damage levels.Based on the general phenomena,such as biological diseases,pollution,acidification,and damage degrees of the five pieces of documents,it was explicitly proposed to eliminate the hidden dangers that affect its life span through insecticide,cleaning,and deacidification,and such various protection methods were explained in detail.Restoring the original appearance of damaged documents is the basic goal of restoration.The choice of restoration paper and the implementation of the restoration techniques are the most challenging issues in the restoration work.Conglutination,corrosion,and wrinkles are typical diseases of severely damaged documents.Techniques such as mounting,strengthening,and flattening and shaping are the main repair methods adopted to repair,and they are also the means to restore the original appearance to the maximum.