GDPR对科学数据开放共享个人数据保护的适用性与作用分析

Analysis on the Applicabilities and Functions of GDPR to Personal Data Protection in Open Sharing of Scientific Data

[目的/意义]通过分析欧盟《一般数据保护条例》(GDPR)相关规定来为我国科学数据开放共享过程中保护个人数据提供参考。[方法/过程]使用文本分析法,在述评GDPR与个人数据保护研究后,分析GDPR对科学数据开放共享个人数据保护的适用性与作用及其对我国科学数据开放共享个人数据保护的启示。[结果/结论]GDPR对科学数据开放共享个人数据保护有许多规范作用,包括可以明确个人数据保护的基本概念与保护对象范围、主要原则、数据主体的主要权利、数据控制者与处理者的主要责任和义务,可以奠定个人数据处理的合法性基础。GDPR给我国的启示是:我们应该建立健全我国个人数据保护法律体系,加强科学数据开放共享中个人数据的风险管理,搭建动态关联、可跟踪的科学数据开放共享系统,由此实现我国科学数据开放共享中的个人数据保护。

[Purpose/significance]This paper provides reference for the protection of personal data in the process of open sharing of scientific data in China by analyzing the relevant provisions of the European Union's General Data Protection Law(GDPR).[Method/process]Using text analysis method,this paper reviewed the researches of GDPR and personal data protection,and analyzed the applicabilities of and the functions of GDPR to personal data protection in open sharing of scientific data and its enlightenments to China.[Result/conclusion]GDPR has many normative functions for the personal data protection in open sharing of scientific data,including defining the basic concepts of personal data protection and the scope of protection objects,the main principles,the main rights of the data subjects,the main responsibilities and obligations of the data controllers and processors,and laying the legitimacy foundation of personal data processing.GDPR's enlightenment to China is that we should establish and perfect the legal system of personal data protection in China,strengthen the risk management of personal data in open sharing of scientific data,and build a dynamic and traceable open sharing system of scientific data,so as to realize the protection of personal data in open sharing of scientific data in China.