政府数据开放中的公众参与模式:理论构建与案例实证

The Model of Public Participation in the Open Government Data:Theoretical Construction and Case Study

[目的/意义]探讨政府数据开放中公众参与的理论模式,旨在指导政府部门有效实现公众参与数据开放的政策目标,以及推进政府数据开放中公众参与议题的研究进展。[方法/过程]采用文献分析法、逻辑分析法和案例分析法,同时以公众参与阶梯理论作为分析工具,构建并实证政府数据开放中的公众参与模式。[结果/结论]政府数据开放中的公众参与可从理论层面构建为告知型参与、咨询型参与、合作型参与和授权型参与4种模式,其核心涵义分别是政府向公众传达信息、政府咨询公众意见、政府与公众平等合作、政府与公众共同治理。这4种政府数据开放公众参与理论模式一方面在政府意图、主导力量、信息流动、公众信息知晓度和公众自治程度方面存在明显的特征差异,另一方面从国内外政府数据开放公众参与实践案例中获得良好的经验支持。

[Purpose/significance]This paper discussed the theoretical model of public participation in open government data,aiming to guide government departments to achieve the policy objectives of public participation in open data,and to promote the research progress in this field.[Method/process]Using the theory of public participation ladder as an analysis tool,and using the methods of literature analysis,logic analysis and case analysis,this paper constructed and demonstrated the public participation model in the open government data.[Result/conclusion]The theoretical model of public participation in open government data can be constructed as informative participation,consultative participation,cooperative participation and authorized participation.Its core meanings are respectively that the government communicates information to the public,the government consults and absorbs public opinions,the government and the public cooperate equally,the government and the public govern together.On the one hand,this four theoretical models of public participation in the open government data are obvious differences in the government intention,leading force,information flow,public information awareness and public autonomy.On the other hand,they have gained good experience support from domestic and foreign public participation practice cases in the open government data.