2018年天津市中小学生超重肥胖现状及影响因素研究

Study on the current situation and risk factors of overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students of Tianjin in 2018

目的了解天津市中小学生超重肥胖现状及影响因素,为有针对性地制定儿童青少年超重肥胖防控策略提供理论依据。方法于2018年9月,采用分层整群抽样的方法,选取天津市22所中小学9~18岁中小学生5154名为研究对象。进行面对面问卷调查,问卷内容包括基本信息,睡眠情况,调查前1周含糖饮料、甜食、油炸食物、水果、蔬菜、早餐等进食情况,以及调查前1周体育课、中高强度运动、看电视、户外活动等情况。采用标准方法测量身高体重。采用SPSS 24.0进行χ^2检验和多因素logistic回归分析。结果天津市中小学生超重检出率为18.76%,肥胖检出率为19.38%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,男性(OR=1.824,95%CI:1.623~2.051)、摄入含糖饮料(与从来不喝者相比,少于每天1次人群OR=1.276,95%CI:1.068~1.526;每天1次及以上人群OR=1.614,95%CI:1.224~2.127)和甜食(与从来不吃者相比,少于每天1次人群OR=1.612,95%CI:1.327~1.959;每天1次及以上人群OR=2.018,95%CI:1.537~2.651)与中小学生超重肥胖高患病风险相关,均有统计学意义(P<0.01);郊区(OR=0.693,95%CI:0.615~0.783)、学段(与小学相比,高中人群OR=0.730,95%CI:0.583~0.915)、每天睡眠时间(与<6 h相比,6~8 h人群OR=0.707,95%CI:0.531~0.941)以及1周内有4 d及以上中高强度运动时间超过60 min(OR=0.815,95%CI:0.709~0.937)与中小学生超重肥胖低患病风险相关,均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论天津市中小学生超重肥胖状况不容乐观,应在睡眠、体育运动、饮食等方面开展综合干预。

Objective To investigate the current situation and risk factors of overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Tianjin,and to provide the reference for making targeted prevention and control measures of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents.Methods In September 2018,the stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 5154 primary and secondary school students(9-18 years old)from 22 primary and secondary schools in Tianjin as the subjects.The investigation was performed with the face-to-face questionnaire,which included the basic information,sleep,sugar drinks,sweets,fried food,fruits,vegetables and breakfast in the previous week,as well as PE class,high-intensity sports,TV watching,and outdoor activities in the previous week.Height and weight were measured by standard method.The χ^2 test and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the data,the used software was SPSS 24.0.Results The detected rates of overweight,obesity in primary and secondary school students of Tianjin were 18.76%(967/5154)and 19.38%(999/5154),respectively.The multivariate logistic regression showed that male(OR=1.824,95%CI:1.623~2.051),intake of sugary drinks(compared with students who never drink,less than once a day OR=1.276,95%CI:1.068~1.526,more than once a day OR=1.614,95%CI:1.224~2.127),eating sweets(compared with students who never eat,less than once a day OR=1.612,95%CI:1.327~1.959,more than once a day OR=2.018,95%CI:1.537~2.651)were related to the high risk of overweight and obesity in primary and secondary school students of Tianjin(P<0.01).The suburbs(OR=0.693,95%CI:0.615~0.783),in high school(compared with primary school students,OR=0.730,95%CI:0.583~0.915),6-8 hours of sleep a day(compared with less than 6 hours a day,OR=0.707,95%CI:0.531~0.941),medium and high intensity exercise for more than 60 minutes per day and more than 4 days a week(OR=0.815,95%CI:0.709~0.937)were related to the low risk of overweight and obesity in primary and secondary school students of Tianjin(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion The prevalence of overweight and obesity in primary and secondary school students in Tianjin was not optimistic.Comprehensive intervention measures should be carried out in sleep,physical exercise and diet.