汉语损益句的形成:从“施事失去领有权”到“与事遭损或获益”

The Diachronic Formation of the Profit-Loss Construction in Chinese:from “Losing Possession” to “Being Affected”

"修了王家三扇门"及"擦了他两块玻璃"之类句子和双宾句在句法形式上平行,一些学者把它们看成非给予类或非典型双宾句。这类句子的意义和"受事领有权转移"这一汉语双宾句抽象语义不同,因此从构式角度看,应该独立于双宾句,姑且称为"损益句"。损益句在语义语用特征上和取得义双宾句有相似处,是在后者的边缘类别基础上通过变异性扩展机制产生的。

Because of their formal similarities with the Chinese double-object construction(DOC),the sentences exemplified by"Xiūlewánɡjiāsānshànmén(修了王家三扇门)"and"Cāletāliǎnɡkuàibōli(擦了他两块玻璃)"have been categorized as non-GIVE type or atypical DOC by some scholars.In this paper,it is argued that these sentences,which lack the sense of"the transfer of the patient’s possession,"may be called the"profit-loss construction"(PLC)for the purpose of the present study.PLC and DOC are formally parallel to each other but have different semantic interpretations and therefore are independent of each other.Diachronically PLC has developed out of the marginal members of the GET-type DOC via the mechanism of mutating extension.