酒精依赖基因遗传学研究进展

Research progress on genetics of alcohol dependence

酒精使用障碍(alcohol use disorder,AUD)是精神科常见的慢性复发性疾病,饮酒导致患者产生的躯体依赖、精神依赖及造成的不良后果对个人、家庭和社会带来了严重影响和沉重负担,因此尽早明确AUD的病因、给予早期预防、诊断及治疗的需求迫在眉睫。既往已有大量与酒精成瘾相关的研究,其中关于酒精依赖(alcohol dependence,AD)的遗传学研究较多。本文旨在对酒精依赖相关的GABA受体、μ阿片受体及5-HT受体基因多态性的研究进行综述,期望为AD的病因学研究、治疗及预防提供科学依据。

Alcohol use disorder(AUD) is more common and chronic mental disease with clinical recurrent tendency. The physical and mental dependence and adverse consequences caused by drinking have brought serious impact and heavy burden to individuals, families and society. Therefore, it′s urgent to identify the etiology of AUD as early as possible, and to provide patients with early prevention, diagnosis and treatment methods. A large number of studies related to alcohol addiction have been researched in the past few years, and there are many genetic studies about alcohol dependence(AD) among them. The aim of this paper is to review studies of alcohol dependence and gene polymorphisms about γ aminobutyric acid receptor, μ opioid receptor and serotonin receptor, and to provide doctors with scientific basis for treatment and prevention of AD.