淹水有机栽培模式下水稻产量与品质特征

Rice Grain Yield and Quality Characteristics under Flooded Organic Cultivation Mode

水稻淹水有机栽培模式由“酵土培肥”“深水抑草”“流水淹灌控病虫”等关键技术环节有机集成,可实现农药化肥零使用下水稻高产高效种植(且快速形成生态食物链)。本研究以嘉58为试材,设置淹水有机栽培与常规栽培管理两种模式,比较两种模式下水稻茎蘖消长动态、产量及其构成、稻米外观、加工、蒸煮与营养品质等差异。结果表明,淹水有机栽培模式下的产量为572 kg/667 m2,低于常规栽培管理模式,但差异不显著。淹水有机栽培模式下的水稻群体穗数和每穗粒数均高于常规栽培管理模式,结实率和千粒重则低于常规栽培管理模式。与常规栽培管理模式相比,淹水有机栽培模式下水稻群体在拔节、抽穗和成熟期的茎蘖数均较高,茎蘖成穗率也呈类似趋势。与常规栽培管理模式相比,淹水有机栽培模式下稻米垩白粒率、垩白大小、垩白度、糙米率、精米率和整精米率均较低,但差异不显著;稻米直链淀粉含量和胶稠度显著高于常规栽培管理模式,蛋白质含量则显著低于常规栽培管理模式。本文还探讨了淹水有机栽培模式在生产上的实践效果,为淹水有机栽培模式在苏南适宜地区的示范推广提供理论与实践参考。

The organic cultivation mode of flooded rice is organically integrated with key technical links such as“fermented soil fertility”,“deep water suppression of grass”,“flowing water flooding to control pests and diseases”,which can realize high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation of rice under zero use of pesticides and fertilizers.In this study,Jia 58 was used as the test material and two modes of flooded organic cultivation and conventional cultivation management were set up to compare the differences of rice stem and tillering dynamics,yield and composition,rice appearance,processing,cooking and nutritional quality under the two modes.The results showed that the yield under flooded organic cultivation mode was 572 kg/667 m2,which was lower than that of conventional cultivation management mode,and the difference was not significant.The number of panicles and the number of grains per panicle under the flooded organic cultivation mode were higher than those of the conventional cultivation management mode,and the seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight were lower than those of the conventional cultivation management mode.Compared with the conventional cultivation and management mode,the number of stems and tillers in the jointing,heading and maturity stages of the rice population under the flooded organic cultivation mode was higher;the rate of stem and tiller formation also shows a similar trend.Compared with the conventional cultivation and management mode,the rice chalky grain rate,chalky size,chalkiness,brown rice rate,polished rice rate and whole polished rice rate are lower,but the difference is not significantly;the rice amylose content and gel consistency are significantly higher than those of the conventional cultivation management mode,and the protein content is significantly lower than the conventional cultivation management mode.This article discusses the practical effects of flooded organic cultivation mode in production,and provides theoretical and practical reference for the demonstration and promotion of flooded organic cultivation mode in suitable areas in southern Jiangsu.