2014—2018年广西百色市禽流感外环境监测结果分析

Analysis on the monitoring results of the external environment of avian influenza in Baise city, Guangxi, from 2014 to 2018

目的了解广西百色市外环境中禽流感病毒流行的趋势,为今后的禽流感防控工作提供依据。方法利用传染病监测平台信息管理系统数据,描述2014—2018年广西百色市外环境中禽流感病毒在不同季节、场所、动物间的分布情况,比较不同年份间禽流感病毒阳性检出率的差异。结果 2014—2018年广西百色市禽流感外环境监测采集并检测各类环境标本1 365份,禽流感病毒总阳性检出率为33.9%,以H9亚型阳性率最高(26.8%);各年份禽流感病毒阳性检出率分别为15.2%、21.9%、19.8%、35.0%和57.0%,总体呈上升趋势;农贸市场和活禽市场禽流感病毒阳性率分别为36.1%和47.0%,明显高于其他场所;禽类饮水、清洗禽类的污水、宰杀摆放禽肉案板表面的擦拭标本、笼具表面的擦拭标本、其他标本和粪便标本禽流感病毒阳性检出率分别为50.0%、38.8%、33.1%、38.3%、15.0%和12.6%,禽类饮水在不同类别标本中禽流感病毒阳性检出率较高;鸡源标本禽流感病毒阳性检出率(31.5%)高于鸽源标本(5.0%),鸡是百色市禽流感病毒的主要宿主。结论监测结果提示,禽流感防控工作应着重于活禽市场的动物检疫,尤其是鸡类聚集区域的监测工作,并且针对暴露于活禽市场、鸡类聚集区域的高危人群进行健康教育,提高其自我保护意识。

Objective To understand the epidemic trend of avian influenza virus in the external environment of Baise city,Guangxi,and provide the basis for the prevention and control of avian influenza in the future.Methods Using data from the information management system of infectious disease monitoring platform,the distribution of avian influenza virus in different seasons,places,and animals in the external environment of Baise city from 2014 to 2018 were analysed,and the difference in the positive detection rates of avian influenza virus in different years was compared.Results From 2014 to 2018,1 365 samples of various environmental samples were collected and tested in the city.The total positive rate of influenza virus was 30.3%,with the highest positive rate of H9 subtype(26.8%).The positive detection rates of avian influenza in each year were 15.2%,21.9%,19.8%,35.0%,and 57.0%,respectively,which showed an upward trend.The positive rates of avian influenza virus were 36.1% and 47.0% in farmer’ s markets and live poultry markets,respectively,which were significantly higher than other places.The positive detection rates of avian influenza virus from poultry drinking water,sewage from poultry cleaning,the wipe specimens of slaughtered poultry chopping board,the wipe specimens of cage surface,other specimens,and fecal specimens were 50%,38.8%,33.1%,26.0%,15.0%,and 12.6%,respectively.Poultry drinking water had a higher detection rate of avian influenza virus compared to other types of specimens.The positive rate of avian influenza virus detected in chicken-derived specimens(31.5%) was higher than that of pigeon-derived(5.0%),and chicken were the main hosts of avian influenza virus in Baise city.Conclusions The monitoring results suggest that the prevention and control of avian influenza should focus on animal quarantine in live poultry markets,especially in chicken gathering areas.Health education should be carried out for the high-risk groups exposed to live poultry markets and chicken gathering areas,so as to improve their self-protection awareness.