跨界跨项单板滑雪运动员首个雪季运动损伤的前瞻性流行病学研究

Epidemiologic Study of Injuries During the First Snow Season Training among Snowboarding Athletes in the Talent Transfer Program

目的:获取跨界跨项单板滑雪运动员在首个雪季的雪上训练中运动损伤的流行病学特征。方法:从非冬奥会运动项目运动员中进行跨界跨项选材,244名运动员入选单板滑雪项目,从2018年12月开始进行为期109天的首个雪季训练。期间队员的运动损伤及运动员暴露(athlete-exposures,A-Es)数据由随队医生每日进行记录并上传。统计损伤部位、损伤类型和损伤机制并计算损伤发生率。结果:在所有运动员中,87.7%在首个雪季的训练中至少发生1次损伤。总损伤发生率为32.4/1000次A-Es (95%CI,30.7~34.2),时间损失(time loss,TL)损伤发生率为12.2/1000次A-Es(95%CI,11.1~13.2)。总损伤发生率比(injury rate ratio,IRR)女性高于男性(1.18;95%CI,1.04~1.34),无时间损失(non-time loss,NTL)损伤的IRR女性高于男性(1.31;95%CI,1.11~1.54),然而在TL损伤中未发现性别差异。年龄<16岁的女性运动员总体IRR和TL-IRR均高于年龄≥16岁的女性运动员(总体IRR:1.19,95%CI,1.01~1.35;TL-IRR,1.80,95%CI,1.43~2.27)。超过93%的TL损伤导致的缺训时间≤7天(男93.94%;女94.10%)。最常见的损伤部位在男性中为躯干(28.43%),在女性中为膝关节(21.33%)。最常见的损伤类型为挫伤(男53%,女59.1%),其次为拉伤(男17.6%,女15.2%)。在损伤机制方面,最常见的是与场地/器材接触(男75.1%,女75.2%),其次为非接触(男14.10%;女14.10%)。结论:跨界跨项单板滑雪运动员在首个雪季训练期间运动损伤风险较高,尤其是年龄较小的女运动员,但大多数的损伤是轻微至轻中度损伤。在跨界跨项单板滑雪运动员训练中,尽量防止运动员与场地/器材碰撞以及由于失去控制而造成的非接触性损伤可以减少首个雪季训练的运动损伤。

Objective To determine the epidemiologic characteristics of injuries among snowboarding athletes in the talent transfer(TT) program during the first snow season training. Methods A total of244 athletes(60 males and 184 females) who were not previously engaged in winter sports were selected for snowboarding training. The injury and athlete-exposures(A-Es) data were recorded by the team physicians for the first snow season,which started in December of 2018 and lasted for 109 days. Injury sites,types,rates and mechanism were recorded,calculated,and analyzed. Results Among all the athletes,87.7% had at least one injury during the training. The overall injury rate was 32.4/1000 A-Es(95%CI,30.7~34.2),with 12.2/1000 A-Es(95%CI,11.1~13.2) of time loss(TL).The total injury rate ratio(IRR),as well as the IRR with non-time loss of females was significantly higher than males(1.18;95% CI,1.04~1.34);1.31;95% CI,1.11~1.54). However,no significant gender differences were found in TL injuries. Moreover,the total IRR and TL-IRR of females less than 16 was significantly higher than those aged ≥16 years(overall IRR: 1.19,95 % CI,1.01~1.35;TL-IRR,1.80,95%CI,1.43~2.27). Over 93% of TL injuries resulted in training absence ≤7 days(males,93.94%;females,94.10%),and the most common injury site was the trunk(28.43%) for males,and knee joints(21.33%) for females. The most common type of injury was contusions(males: 53%, females:59.1%),followed by strains(males: 17.6%,females: 15.2%). With respect to the mechanism of injury,the most common was contact with the ground/apparatus(males: 75.1%,females:75.2%),followed by noncontact(males:14.10%;females:14.10%). Conclusion Snowboarding athletes in the TT program during the first snow season training,especially younger females,are of high risk of injury and most of the injuries were of slight or mild degree. Avoiding collisions with equipment or the ground,along with loss of control can lead to a reduction of injuries among them.