当代国家安全体系中的生物安全与生物威胁

The Bio-Security and Biological Threats in the Contemporary National Security System

新冠肺炎疫情使全社会对与生物相关的安全问题空前关注,《生物安全法》的出台正当其时、恰逢其势,为“生物安全”热灶再添柴。然而,当前理论上与实践中均普遍存在混淆“生物安全”与“生物威胁”的情况,亟需科学区分与准确认识。在当代国家安全体系中,以生物物种、基因、生态、技术等方面安全为主要内容的“生物安全”,是国家安全的次级构成要素,应对重点是维持与保障;以“虫”“疫”等为主要威胁来源的“生物威胁”,是威胁危害国家安全的自然因素,应对重点是防控与消除。新冠肺炎疫情和非典疫情带给人们的首要教训是如何有效防控“生物威胁”,其次才是如何保障“生物安全”。理清概念才能全面准确认识生物与国家安全之间的多重关系,进而正确顺利推进与生物相关的国家安全治理。

The Covid-19 has caused an unprecedented concern among the whole society about bio-security issues.The introduction of the bio-security law is just on time,making "bio-security" an even more hotly-debated issue.However,there is a general confusion between "bio-security" and "biological threat" both in the theoretical and practical terms,which calls for scientific differentiation and accurate understanding.In the contemporary national security system,"bio-security",which mainly touches upon biological species,genes,ecology,and technology,is the secondary component of national security,and the key to deal with it is to maintain and guarantee;in contrast,the "biological threat" with "insects" and "epidemics" as the main sources of threat is the natural factor threatening national security,and the key to deal with it is to prevent,control and eliminate.The first lesson taught by Covid-19 and SARS is about how to effectively control biological threats,while the secondary one is how to safeguard "biological security".Only by clarifying the concept can we fully and accurately understand the multi-dimensional relations between biology and national security,and then correctly and smoothly promote the governance of national security related to biology.