黄土露天矿区排土场重构土壤质地空间特征研究

Spatial Characteristics of Reconstructed Soil Texture in Dumping Site of Loess Open-pit Mining Area

矿山复垦地土壤质地及其颗粒含量的研究已经成为土地复垦与生态恢复的主要关注点之一,但分析其空间特征的研究成果较少。以地处黄土区的中煤平朔安太堡露天煤矿南排土场为研究对象,采用典型剖面采样法、克里金空间插值分析法、多重分形分析等方法,分析露天煤矿排土场重构土壤质地的空间分异特征。结果表明:1)土壤各粒级含量与土层深度相关性较小,各土层中土壤砂粒、粉粒和黏粒含量比例大致为2∶2∶1。2)研究区内主要土壤质地类型为壤土、粉壤土和砂壤土。3)浅土层中砂粒含量由中心向南北两侧或四周递增、粉粒则递减,深土层中砂粒、粉粒含量多呈由西向东递减,各土层黏粒均由西向东递增。4)各土层土壤质地空间变异程度大小依次为20~30 cm土层>40~50 cm土层>50~60 cm土层>30~40 cm土层>10~20 cm土层>0~10 cm土层。本研究成果可以明确黄土露天煤矿区重构土壤质地及其各机械组成的状况,反应各处重构土壤的通气、保水肥状况,指导该区域后期的重构土壤改良和管理措施;其他未复垦区可以结合本次研究区的土地复垦措施及对应的土壤质地状况,来调整复垦措施,使得重构土壤利于当地植被生长。

The stud soil texture and its particle content in mine reclamation land has become one of the main concerns of land reclamation and ecological restoration,especially in the aspect of spatial differentiation.But few studies are found on the spatial characteristics of mine reclamation land by combining qualitative and quantitative analysis.In this paper,the South dump of Antaibao Open-pit Coal Mine in Pingshuo,Shanxi Province,located in the Loess area,is taken as the research object.Typical section sampling method,Kriging spatial interpolation analysis method and multi-fractal spectrum analysis method were used to analyze the spatial differentiation of soil texture reconstructed by the dump of open-pit coal mine by combining qualitative and quantitative analysis methods.The results showed that 1)there was little correlation between the content of soil grain size and the depth of soil layer,and the proportion of sand,silt and clay in each soil layer was approximately 2∶2∶1.2)The main soil texture types in the study area were loam,silt loam and sandy loam.3)The content of sand in shallow soil increased from center to north and south sides or around,and the content of silt decreased.In deep soil,the contents of sand and silt decreased from west to east.The content of clay in all the soil layers increased from west to east.4)The order of spatial variability of soil texture in different soil layers was 20-30 cm>40-50 cm>50-60 cm>30-40 cm>10-20 cm>0-10 cm soil layer.The results of this study provide the references to clarify the status of the restructured soil texture and its mechanical components in the loess open-pit coal mine area,to reflect the aeration,water and fertilizer status of the restructured soil,and to guide the restructured soil improvement and management measures in the region later.Other unreclaimed areas can adjust the reclamation measures in combination with the land reclamation measures and corresponding soil texture conditions,so that the reconstructed soil is conducive to the growth of local vegetation.