1998-2018年永寿县景观格局变化及驱动力分析

Changes and Driving Force of Landscape Pattern in Yongshou County During 1998-2018

探究黄土丘陵区景观格局的时空演变规律和驱动力,对该区土地资源的合理利用和生态环境的优化建设提供指导意义。以陕西省永寿县1998、2008、2018年遥感影像数据为基础,借助ArcGIS和FRAGSTATS等软件,运用景观转移矩阵、景观格局指数对其进行了分析,并运用主成分分析法讨论景观变化驱动力。结果表明:1)从土地利用景观格局变化状况来看,研究区的主导景观由耕地变为林地,主要变化为林地、园地面积的增加。林地面积增加了177.88 km^2,园地面积增加了128.66 km^2,主要是由耕地转换而来。2)从斑块水平来看,林地在各景观类型中占据主导地位;建设用地、林地、未利用地受到人为干预,斑块形状趋于简单;林地、园地、草地的景观异质性在逐渐增强。3)从景观水平来看,整体景观连通性变差,各斑块类型面积比重趋向平衡,景观的破碎化程度逐渐增大,各景观类型逐步分化为更小的斑块。4)从景观格局变化的驱动因素来看,气温和降水等自然因素对景观格局的演变具有一定的影响,而社会经济因素及政策导向是永寿县景观格局变化的主要因素。

In order to provide guidance for the rational use of land resources and the optimization of ecological environment,the temporal and spatial evolution law and driving force of landscape pattern in loess hilly region were investigated.Based on the remote sensing image data of 1998,2008 and 2018 in Yongshou county,Shaanxi Province,the spationtemporal changes and driving forces in the region were analyzed from landscape transfer matrix,landscape pattern index and principal component analysis by using ArcGIS and FRAGSTATS software.The results showed that 1)from the perspective of the changes in land use landscape pattern,the dominant landscape in the study area changed from cultivated land to forest land,and the main area change was the increase in the areas of forest land and orchard land.The area of forest land increased by 177.88 km2,the area of the orchard land increased by 128.66 km2,mainly converted from cultivated land.2)At the level of landscape patch,the forest land dominated the various landscape types.The construction land,forest land and unused land were subject to human intervention,and the patch shape tended to be simple.The landscape heterogeneity of forest land,orchard land and grassland gradually increased.3)At the overall level of landscape,landscape connectivity became worse,the area proportion of each plaque type tended to balance,the fragmentation of the landscape gradually increased,and the landscape types gradually differentiated into smaller patches.4)From the perspective of the driving forces of the changes in landscape pattern,natural factors such as temperature and precipitation had certain impacts on the changes,and socio-economic factors and policy guidance were the main factors of the landscape pattern change in Yongshou county.