丙型肝炎病毒的发现及研究进展——2020年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的启示

The Discovery and Research Progress of Hepatitis C Virus:The Enlightenment of The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine of 2020

2020年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予美国科学家哈维·阿尔特(Harvey J.Alter)、查尔斯·赖斯(Charles M.Rice)和英国科学家迈克尔·霍顿(Michael Houghton),以表彰他们在发现丙型肝炎病毒方面做出决定性贡献.在他们的发现之前,甲型肝炎病毒和乙型肝炎病毒的研究均有重大突破,但是大部分血源性肝炎病例仍然无法解释,而丙型肝炎病毒的发现揭开了这些肝炎的病因,并推动了相应的血液检测与新药研发.丙型肝炎病毒进入细胞之后引起慢性炎症,并通过多种途径诱导肝癌的发生.本文总结了丙型肝炎病毒的生物学特性及丙型肝炎病毒感染导致肝癌的机制,并介绍了丙型肝炎防治的研究进展.

In 2020,the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Harvey J.Alter,Charles M.Rice and Michael Houghton for their discovery of hepatitis C virus(HCV).Before the discovery of HCV,the research of Hepatitis A virus and Hepatitis B virus made an important breakthrough.However,a majority of blood-borne hepatitis belongs to non-A,non-B hepatitis,which was discovered as hepatitis C.The discovery of HCV makes blood transfusion safe and makes cure of hepatitis C become possible,saving millions of people’s life.By inducing chronic inflammation and other mechanisms,HCV invade hepatocytes,leading to liver cancer.This paper summarizes the biological characteristics of HCV,systematically expounds mechanisms of HCV infectionassociated liver cancer,and introduces measures for prevention and cure of hepatitis C.