非人称构式的汉英对应研究:基于E/E谓词的It复杂构式考察

Impersonal constructions in English and their correspondence in Chinese:An analysis on It complex impersonal constructions with E/E predicates

E/E谓词表达认识性和言据性情态,是It复杂非人称构式的典型谓词。本文基于汉英双向平行语料库对含有E/E谓词的It复杂非人称构式与其汉语对应表达进行对比考察,分析发现:1)除少量零对应之外,E/E谓词在汉语中偏向于使用事件评价述谓,其汉语对应梯度依次为"事件评价述谓>句内附谓状语>句首状语>主句述谓成分";2)非人称策略在汉语中倾向于采用无主语、补语事件主语、物称主语、时间地点主语、概指名词主语、不定人称主语等形式;3)汉语两类典型的非人称格式为"补语事件主语+事件评价述谓"和"无主语+句内附谓状语+补语事件"。

E/E predicates refer to the epistemic and evidential predicates,which are typical predicates in It complex impersonal constructions.Based on parallel corpus,this paper probes into the comparative research between the corresponding constructions in Chinese and It complex impersonal constructions with E/E predicates.We have found:1)Apart from a small number of zero correspondence,E/E predicates preferentially correspond to"event-evaluating predicates"in Chinese and the correspondence gradience is as follows:"event-evaluating predicate>adverbial of the predicate of the clause>sentence-initial adverbial>the subject or predicate of the main clause";2)In the Chinese corresponding constructions six impersonal strategies are preferred such as zero subject,event subject,impersonal subject,time and locative subject,generalized nominal subject,and indefinite personal subject;and 3)Chinese has two typical correspondence’ormats:"event subject+event-evaluating predicate"and"zero subject+adverbial of the predicate in the event+event".