定量方法在干预研究中的运用:以“让我们做朋友-陕西”为例

The Application of Quantitative Methods in Intervention Research:A Case Study of"Let's Be Friends-Shaanxi"

社会工作干预研究是指在社会工作领域从事的、为改变一定状况并达到预定目的而采取的干预、评估和证据传播,是近30年蓬勃发展起来的一门科学方法或研究分支。干预研究涵盖八个关键成分:干预的理论基础,操作手册,实验设计,操作培训,保真控制,结果变量,统计分析以及结果传播。定量方法在干预研究中的应用,可以通过目前中国农村最大的儿童心理干预项目"让我们做朋友-陕西"呈现,包括:系统检索在评定项目地位中的运用,"稳定单位干预值"假设对防止"干预效应溢出"提出的要求,统计力度分析决定样本量,干扰变量的平衡性检测,使用具有效度和信度的量表,运用多层次分析模型和有序Logistic回归模型评估干预效应,以及如何有效和简洁地报告干预研究的结果。上述介绍与实例不仅有助于推动中国干预研究与社会工作服务的规范化,还将进一步提升社会工作专业的科学性。

Social work intervention research refers to the intervention, evaluation and evidence dissemination carried out in the field of social work to change a certain situation and achieve an intended purpose. It is a scientific method or branch of research that has developed vigorously during the last thirty years. Intervention research covers eight key components: the theory of change, operation manual, experimental design, operation training, fidelity control, outcome variables, statistical analysis, and outcome dissemination. The application of quantitative methods in intervention research can be presented through "Let’s Be Friends-Shaanxi", the largest psychological intervention project for children in rural China, which includes systematic review in the evaluation of the project status, stable unit treatment value assumption in preventing the overflow effect of intervention, power analysis in determining the sample size, balance test of the confounding variables, using scales with validity and reliability, using multilevel analysis models and ordered logistic regression models to assess the effects of intervention, and how to report the results of intervention studies effectively and succinctly. The introduction and example in this study will not only promote the standardization of intervention research and social work services in China, but will also further enhance the scientific nature of the social work profession.