二战时期朝鲜半岛强制动员受害及索赔问题述略

A Summary of Korean Forced Mobilization of Victims and Claims during the “Asia and Pacific War”

1937年日本发动全面侵华战争后,由于中国军队和人民的持续顽强抵抗,日军的兵力消耗严重,为补充扩大战争所需兵源及物资,1938年4月,日本通过战时授权法制定和颁布《国家总动员法》,对日本本土及殖民地朝鲜的人力、物力及资金实施全面统制与强制动员。当时处于日本强占下的朝鲜半岛,在"内鲜一体""皇国臣民化"宣传和各种强制性政策法令下,被强制动员的受害者总数达七八百万人。他们被送到朝鲜半岛内外的日军占领地和战场,多数在战场或被劳役的工地死亡、失踪或负伤致残,极少数幸存者经过不同渠道回国,有的仍然滞留在被强制劳役的国家或地区。战后,强制动员受害及其索赔问题成为长期影响韩日关系的主要障碍因素,直到现在也没有找到妥善解决的方法。

Japanese troops authorized and issued the National General Mobilization Act of Legal System since April 1938. The Korean Peninsula,under Japanese occupation,had seven or eight million victims to be forcibly mobilized under the propaganda of "Unification of North Korea"and "subjectification of the Imperial State"as well as various coercive policies and decrees. They were sent to areas and battlefields occupied by the Japanese army inside and outside the Korean Peninsula. Most of them died,disappeared or were injured or disabled on battlefields or at work sites where they were forced to work.After the war,the issue of forced mobilization of victims and their claims has become a major obstacle to the long-term relations between Korea and Japan.Until now,no proper solution has been found.