作为“阳明后学”的陶希皋、陶珽与陶珙交游新证(上)

New Evidence on Interactions of Tao Xigao and Tao Ting with Tao Gong–All Disciples of Philosopher Wang Yangming(Ⅰ)

浙江黄岩是元末明初著名文学学、历史学家陶宗仪的故乡,其后裔在明嘉靖间被充军到云南姚安军民府。作为“阳明后学”流播到云南(以罗汝芳、李载贽为代表)的捍卫者,陶希皋、陶珽与陶珙最终以科举世家的强大惯性改变了晚明时期“滇学”(尤其是蒙学、禅宗及书法)的整体面貌。因姚安“三陶”的落款常见有“台中”“台山”“天台”“黄岩”和“西南”“滇南”“姚阳”诸郡望,说明他们对自己不得不屈身边徼蛮夷之地流露出了消极的情绪,进而借助于《径山藏》摆脱其家族的“内地化”禁锢。

Huangyan,Zhejiang Province was the hometown of Tao Zongyi,a renowned writer and historian of the late 14th century.About two centuries later his descendants were sent to military exile in Yao’an Prefecture,Yunnan Province by the Ming government.Nurtured by their family tradition of success in the imperial examinations for promotion to officialdom,Tao Xigao,Tao Ting and Tao Gong–disciples of the 16th-century philosopher Wang Yangming(represented by Luo Rufang and Li Zaizhi)–eventually changed the academic scenario of Yunnan,with achievements in elementary schooling,Zen and calligraphy in particular,in late Ming Dynasty at the turn of the 17th century.Meanings of their pseudonyms,however,revealed their frustration and despair of living their helpless lives in the forlorn frontier regions,explaining their hope of freeing themselves from the limitation of their“family heartland blood”with the help of Jing Shan Zang.